B2- Cells

Question 1

What does the Cell Theory state? [3]

Answer 1

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic organizational unit of life
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 2

What are the five features of an animal cell? [5]

Answer 2

1. Cell membrane
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosome

Question 3

What are the eight features of a plant cell? [8]

Answer 3

1. Cell wall
2. Cell membrane
3. Chloroplast
4. Cytoplasm
5. Mitochondria
6. Sap Vacuole
7. Nucleus
8. Ribosome

Question 4

Characteristics of a Cell Wall [3]

Answer 4

1. Made of cellulose
2. Fully permeable
3. Prevent the cell from bursting

Question 5

Characteristics of a Cell Membrane [2]

Answer 5

1.Containing/Keeping together the cytoplasm
2. semi permeable (controls what comes in and goes out of the cell)

Question 6

Functions of a Chloroplast [2]

Answer 6

1. Contains Chlorophyll
2. Site of Photosynthesis

Question 7

Functions of a Cytoplasm [2]

Answer 7

1. Watery get containing cell structure
2. Site of chemical reactions

Question 8

Functions of a Mitochondria [2]

Answer 8

1. Site of Aerobic Respiration
2. Releases energy for the cell

Question 9

Functions of a Sap Vacuole [2]

Answer 9

1. Contains Water/Salts
2. Supports the plant- Keeps it upright

Question 10

Functions of a Nucleus [2]

Answer 10

1. Contains Genetic material
2. Controls all the activity in the cell

Question 11

Functions of a Ribosome

Answer 11

1. site of protein synthesis

Question 12

Functions of the circular DNA (bacterial cells) [4]

Answer 12

1. Single loop of DNA
2. Same functions as the plant and animal cells
3. Not arranged in Chromosomes
4. Not in a Nucleus

Question 13

Functions of a Plasmid (bacterial cells) [3]

Answer 13

1. Allows exchange of DNA from one bacterium to another
2. Small DNA circles
3. Creates genetic variation

Question 14

What is Cell division in Bacteria called?

Answer 14

Binary Fission

Question 15

Functions of a RBC [4]

Answer 15

1. Transports oxygen
2. Biconcave shape to increase surface area
3. Cytoplasm contains Haemoglobin (bind with the oxygen)
4. Small- fit through capillaries

Question 16

Functions of a Ciliated cell [2]

Answer 16

1. move mucus in the trachea and bronchi
2. hair like cilia- sweeps mucus upwards

Question 17

Functions of a Palisade Mesophyll cell [2]

Answer 17

1. for photosynthesis
2. Many chloroplast- absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 18

Functions of a root hair cell [3]

Answer 18

1. Absorb water and minerals
2. Thin cell wall- Short distance of diffusion for absorption
3. large surface area to absorb

Question 19

Functions of a Sperm Cells [5]

Answer 19

1. Reproduction
2. Tail/Flagellum- swim to the egg
3. Acrosome- contains enzymes to digest jelly to the egg
4. Nucleus- 23 chromosomes (haploid)
5. Many mitochondria- extra energy

Question 20

Functions of an egg cell [4]

Answer 20

1. Reproduction
2. Nucleus- 23 chromosome (haploid)
3. Large Cytoplasm- Food stores for growing Embryo
4. Cell membrane- hardens once one sperm enters

Question 21

Functions of a neuron [2]

Answer 21

1. Conduction of electrical impulses
2. long cytoplasm- transmit/conduct electrical impulses

Question 22

Define cell

Answer 22

Basic unit of an organization

Question 22

Define tissue

Answer 22

a group of similar cells

Question 23

Define organs

Answer 23

a group of different tissues- carries out one main function

Question 24

Define organ systems

Answer 24

many organs carry out related functions

Question 25

Define organism

Answer 25

Consists of all organ systems working together

Question 26

Magnification equation

Answer 26

Magnification=Image size/real size

Question 27

What does one micrometer equal?

Answer 27

0.001 mm