Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

What are the superficial back muscles?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids minor, rhomboids major

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2
Q

origin of the trapezius

A

external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C7-T12

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3
Q

insertion point of the trapezius

A

lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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4
Q

action of the upper trapezius

A

elevate scapula

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5
Q

action of the middle trapezius

A

retract scapula

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6
Q

action of the lower trapezius

A

depress scapula

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7
Q

bilateral action of trapezius

A

cervical extension

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8
Q

unilateral action of the trapezius

A

cervical side (ipsilateral) bending and contralateral cervical rotation

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9
Q

innervation of the trapezius

A

accessory nerve

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10
Q

origin of latissimus dorsi

A

spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of the scapula

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11
Q

insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

anterior proximal humerus (intertubercular groove)

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12
Q

actions of latissimus dorsi

A
  1. adduct arm
  2. extend arm
  3. internally (medially) rotate arm
  4. lower fibers depress scapula
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13
Q

innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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14
Q

origin of levator scapulae

A

transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

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15
Q

insertion of levator scapulae

A

superior angle of scapula

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16
Q

action of levator scapulae

A
  1. elevate scapula
  2. retract scapula
  3. downwardly rotate scapula
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17
Q

innervation of levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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18
Q

origin of rhomboids minor

A

spinous process of C7-T1

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19
Q

insertion of rhomboids minor

A

medial border of scapula

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20
Q

action of rhomboids minor

A
  1. elevate scapula
  2. retract scapula
  3. downwardly rotate scapula
  4. stabilize scapular movements
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21
Q

innervation of rhomboids minor

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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22
Q

origin of rhomboids major

A

spinous process of T2-T5

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23
Q

insertion of rhomboids major

A

medial border of scapula

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24
Q

action of rhomboids major

A
  1. elevate scapula
  2. retract scapula
  3. downwardly rotate scapula
  4. stabilize scapular movements
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25
innervation of rhomboids major
dorsal scapular nerve
26
What are the intermediate back muscles?
serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior
27
origin of serratus posterior superior
spinous processes of C7-T3
28
insertion of serratus posterior superior
ribs 2-5
29
action of serratus posterior superior
elevate the upper ribs and assist in inspiration
30
innervation of serratus posterior superior
intercostal nerves
31
origin of serratus posterior inferior
spinous processes of T11-L2
32
insertion of serratus posterior inferior
ribs 9-12
33
action of serratus posterior inferior
depress lower ribs assisting in expiration, especially forced expiration
34
innervation of serratus posterior inferior
intercostal nerves
35
What are the muscles of the erector spinae
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
36
origin of the iliocostalis
posterior sacrum, iliac crest, and ribs 3-12
37
insertion of iliocostalis
transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, ribs 1-12, transverse processes of C4-C6
38
bilateral action of iliocostalis
extend trunk
39
unilateral action of iliocostalis
ipsilateral side bending
40
innervation of iliocostalis
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
41
origin of longissimus
sacrum, iliac crest, and spinous processes of T11-L5, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
42
insertion of longissimus
ribs 2-12, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae, mastoid process
43
bilateral action of longissimus
extend trunk
44
unilateral action of longissimus
ipsilateral side bending
45
innervation of longissimus
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
46
origin of spinalis
spinous process of C5-T2 and T10-L3
47
insertion of spinalis
spinous process of T2-T8 and C2-C5
48
bilateral action of spinalis
extend trunk
49
unilateral action of spinalis
ipsilateral side bending
50
innervation of spinalis
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
51
What is a combination of aponeurosis and deep fascia that covers muscles in the lower back
thoracolumbar fascia
52
What are the muscles of the transversospinalis
semispinalis, multifdus, rotators
53
What are the 3 regional divisions of the semispinalis
1. capitis 2. cervices 3. thoracis
54
origin of semispinalis
transverse processes of C3-T12
55
insertion of semispinalis
spinous processes of C2-T4 and occiput
56
bilateral action of semispinalis
extend trunk
57
unilateral action of semispinalis
ipsilateral side bending and contralateral rotation
58
innervation of semispinalis
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
59
origin of multifidus
sacrum, ilium, and C4-L5 vertebrae
60
insertion of multifidus
spinous process of vertebra 2-4 levels higher
61
bilateral action of multifidus
extend trunk
62
unilateral action of multifidus
ipsilateral side bending and contralateral rotation
63
innervation of multifidus
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
64
origin of rotators
transverse processes of throacic vertebrae
65
insertion of rotators
spinous processes 1-2 levels higher
66
bilateral action of rotators
extend trunk
67
unilateral action of rotators
ipsilateral side bending and contralateral rotation
68
innervation of rotators
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
69
What muscles make up the segmental muscle group
interspinales, and intertransversarii
70
location of interspinales
between spinous processes and are not present through most of the thoracic region
71
location of intertransversarii
between adjacent transverse processes but poorly developed or absent in thoracic region
72
What are the suboccipital muscles
obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior
73
origin of obliquus capitis inferior
axis
74
insertion of obliquus capitis inferior
atlas
75
action of obliquus capitis inferior
extend head, rotate head ipsilaterally
76
innervation of obliquus capitis inferior
posterior (dorsal) rami of the 1st cervical nerve
77
origin of rectus capitis posterior minor
atlas
78
insertion of rectus capitis posterior minor
occiput
79
action of rectus capitis posterior minor
extend head, rotate head ipsilaterally
80
innervation of rectus capitis posterior minor
posterior (dorsal) rami of the 1st cervical nerve
81
origin of rectus capitis posterior major
axis
82
insertion of rectus capitis posterior major
occiput
83
action of rectus capitis posterior major
extend head, rotate head ispilaterally
84
innervation of rectus capitis posterior major
posterior (dorsal) rami of the 1st cervical nerve
85
origin of obliquus capitis superior
atlas
86
insertion of obliquus capitis superior
occiput
87
action of obliquus capitis superior
extend head, tilt head ipsilaterally and rotate contralaterally
88
innervation of obliquus capitis superior
posterior (dorsal) rami of the 1st cervical nerve
89
What are the cervical muscles
splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid
90
origin of splenius capitis
nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T3-T4
91
insertion of splenius capitis
mastoid process and occipital bone of the skull
92
unilateral action of splenius capitis
ipsilateral side bending and rotation
93
bilateral action of splenius capitis
cervical extension
94
innervation of splenius capitis
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
95
origin of splenius cervicis
spinous processes of T3-T6
96
insertion of splenius cervicis
transverse processes of C2-C4
97
unilateral action of splenius cervicis
ipsilateral side bending and rotation
98
bilateral action of splenius cervicis
cervical extension
99
innervation of splenius cervicis
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
100
origin of sternocleidomastoid
manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle
101
insertion of sternocleidomastoid
mastoid process
102
unilateral action of sternocleidomastoid
ipsilateral cervical side bending and contralateral cervical rotation
103
bilateral action of sternocleidomastoid
cervical flexion
104
innervation of sternocleidomastoid
accessory nerve
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