Anatomy > Trunk > Flashcards

Trunk Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What does the rib cage consist of

A

ribs, costal cartilages, ligaments, musculature, neurovascular structures

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2
Q

What is the function of the rib cage

A

protect lungs and heart, attachment for the musculature involved in ventilation

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3
Q

What is the sternum

A

breastbone or plate, flat bone at the center of the chest

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum

A
  1. manubrium- superior
  2. body- elongated central
  3. xiphoid process- inferior tip
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5
Q

What is the sternal angle and what is it called

A

angle of Lois, ridge that can be palpated between the manubrium and body (important landmark for identifying ribs), can also be found by tracing the second rib medially

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6
Q

Where is the jugular notch and what is it called

A

suprasternal/sternal notch, most superior aspect of the manubrium

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7
Q

Where is the clavicular notch

A

lateral to the jugular notch and acts as an articular surface for the clavicle

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8
Q

Describe the number of ribs, bones, and classifications

A

12 pairs (numbered 1-12 from superior to inferior), curved, flat bones that articulate posteriorly with thoracic vertebrae, 3 classifications (true, false, floating)

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9
Q

Describe true ribs

A

ribs 1-7, attach directly to sternum via their own costal cartilage

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10
Q

Desrcibe false ribs

A

ribs 8-10, attach indirectly to sternum by connecting to costal cartilage of the rib above

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11
Q

Describe floating ribs

A

ribs 11-12, do not attach to sternum at all

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12
Q

Describe the parts of a rib

A
  1. head- articulate with vertebral bodies
  2. neck- connect head to body
  3. costal tubercle- connect with transverse process of a vertebra
  4. body or shaft
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13
Q

Describe costal cartilages

A

connect anterior ends of the ribs to the sternum, more malleable than bone therefore allow for flexibility of thorax during ventilation

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14
Q

Describe the articulation of the ribs with 12 thoracic vertebrae

A

first rib articulates with T1, ribs 2-10 articulate with 2 adjacent thoracic vertebra, floating ribs articulate with T11 and T12 on the posterior body

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15
Q

Describe inspiration

A

elevate rib cage, create negative pressure inside thorax, draws in air

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16
Q

origin of diaphragm

A

xiphoid process, costal cartilages and ribs 7-12, anterior longitudinal ligament, upper lumbar vertebrae

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17
Q

insertion of diaphragm

A

central tendon divides the thorax and abdomen

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18
Q

primary action role of diaphragm

A

inspiration

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19
Q

secondary action role of diaphragm

A

passive expiration is achieved by relaxation

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20
Q

innervation of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

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21
Q

origin of external intercostals

A

inferior border of a rib

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22
Q

insertion of external intercostals

A

superior border of rib below (muscle fiber direction is INFEROMEDIAL)

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23
Q

action of external intercostals

A

elevate ribs for inspiration

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24
Q

innervation of external intercostals

A

anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves

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25
3 divisions of scalenes
anterior, middle, posterior
26
origin of scalenes
all transverse processes of C3-C7
27
insertion of scalenes
anterior/middle- first rib, posterior- second rib
28
action of scalenes
inspiration
29
innervation of scalenes
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves
30
What is the quadratus lumborum
(QL) is the 'hip hiker' muscle, when it contracts unilaterally it assists in lifting one leg off the ground
31
Describe expiration
muscles depress rib cage, positive pressure in thorax, draws air out. mostly passive but active or forced expiration involves expiration muscles (distress or high intense exercise)
32
origin of internal intercostals
inferior border of a rib
33
insertion of internal intercostals
superior border of the rib below (muscle fiber direction is INFEROLATERAL)
34
action of internal intercostals
depress ribs in expiration
35
innervation of internal intercostals
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves/intercostal nerves
36
origin of transversus thoracis
inner surface of sternum and xiphoid process
37
insertion of transversus thoracis
inner surface of costal cartilage of ribs 2-6
38
action of transversus thoracis
depress ribs in expiration
39
innervation of transversus thoracis
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves/intercostal nerves
40
origin of external abdominal oblique
ribs 5-12
41
insertion of external abdominal oblique
linea alba, rectus sheath, iliac crest
42
bilateral action of external abdominal oblique
trunk flexion, assist in expiration, abdominal compression
43
unilateral action of external abdominal oblique
ipsilateral trunk flexion and contralateral rotation
44
innervation of external abdominal oblique
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves
45
origin of internal abdominal oblique
thoracolumbar fascia, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and iliac crest
46
insertion of internal abdominal oblique
linea alba, rectus sheath, ribs 10-12
47
bilateral action of internal abdominal oblique
trunk flexion, assist in expiration, abdominal compression
48
unilateral action of internal abdominal oblique
ipsilateral trunk flexion and rotation
49
innervation of internal abdominal oblique
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves
50
origin of rectus abdominus
costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid of sternum
51
insertion of rectus abdominus
pubis
52
action of rectus abdominus
trunk flexion, stabilize pelvis and assist in expiration
53
innervation of rectus abdominus
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves
54
origin of transversus abdominus
costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and iliac crest, inguinal ligamnet
55
insertion of transversus abdominus
linea alba, rectus sheath, pubic crest
56
bilateral action of transversus abdominus
assist in expiration, abdominal compression
57
unilateral action of transversus abdominus
ipsilateral trunk rotation
58
innervation of transversus abdominus
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves
59
origin of quadratus lumborum
iliac crest
60
insertion of quadratus lumborum
12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4
61
bilateral action of quadratus lumborum
assist in respiration
62
unilateral action of quadratus lumborum
ipsilateral trunk flexion or lifting hip
63
innervation of quadratus lumborum
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves
64
prime inspiration muscles
diaphragm
65
secondary inspiration muscles
external intercostals
66
accessory inspiration muscles
1. scalenes 2. sternocleidomastoid 3. serratus posterior superior 4. levators costorum 5. quadratus lumborum 6. pectoralis major 7. pectoralis minor 8. serratus anterior
67
passive expiration muscles
diaphragm
68
forced expiration muscles
1. internal intercostals 2. transverse thoracis 3. innermost intercostals 4. subcostals 5. serratus posterior inferior 6. abdominal muscles
69
What is torticollis
due to tightness in sternocleidomastoid causing head to lean or tilt to one side due to injury, infection, or neurological conditions, treated with cervical orthoses
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