Bacteria

Question 1

What are 4 facts about prokaryotes?

Answer 1

1. They’re all unicellular
2. They have DNA in their cytoplasm
3. They lack a nucleus.
4. They have 2 domains.

Question 2

What is the largest domain in the prokaryotes?

Answer 2

Eubacteria.

Question 3

Do bacteria have a cell wall?

Answer 3

Yes.

Question 4

What is peptidoglycan?

Answer 4

The material that makes up the cell walls of bacteria.

Question 5

Can bacteria have more than one cell membrane?

Answer 5

Yes. E. Coli has 2 membranes.

Question 6

What are 3 ways archaebacteria is different from eubacteria?

Answer 6

1. Archaebacteria have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan.
2. Cell Membrane has different lipids.
3. Some of their DNA sequences are more

Question 7

What are 3 ways you can characterize prokaryotes?

Answer 7

By shape, look, or size

Question 8

Prokaryotes range in size from what to what?

Answer 8

1 to 5 micrometers.

Question 9

Rod shaped bacteria are called what?

Answer 9

Bacilli

Question 10

Sphere shaped bacteria are called what?

Answer 10

Cocci

Question 11

How do prokaryotes get energy?

Answer 11

Heterotrophs and Autotrophs

Question 12

How do bacteria metabolize energy?

Answer 12

3 ways:

1. Obligate Aerobic (Requires Oxygen)
2. Obligate Anaerobic (Requires No Oxygen AKA Fermentation)
3. Facltative Anaerobic

Question 13

Name 2 types of heterotrophs:

Answer 13

1. Heterotroph (Only Feeds on Other Things)

2. Photo-heterotroph (Can feed off of other things and feed off of life.

Question 14

Name 2 types of autotrophs:

Answer 14

1. Photoautotroph (Light Self-Feeder)

2. Chemoautotroph (Feeds off of chemical reactions of other things)

Question 15

Most prokaryotes reproduce using?

Answer 15

Binary Fission

Question 16

What is the product of binary fission?

Answer 16

2 identical daughter cells.

Question 17

How do prokaryotes survive in unfavorable conditions

Answer 17

They form a thick wall in closing their DNA and some of their cytoplasm.

Question 18

Name 2 ways that bacteria can evolve when environmental conditions change.

Answer 18

1. Mutations

2. Conjugation

Question 19

What is conjugation?

Answer 19

A bridge that forms between 2 different bacteria cells and allows them to exchange genetic information.

Question 20

Name a way conjugation has been helpful to bacteria.

Answer 20

Sometimes it allows them to develop a resistance to antibiotics.

Question 21

What roles do bacteria have in creating the movie of life?

Answer 21

1. Decomposers
2. Producers
3. Nitrogen Fixers
4. We use them to make other food and ingredients to make drugs.
5. We have 30 trillion bacteria living inside of us, and without them, we wouldn’t exist.

Question 22

What are pathogens?

Answer 22

They’re disease causing bacteria.

Question 23

Who discovered pathogens?

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur.

Question 24

What are 2 ways that bacteria can produce disease?

Answer 24

1. Destroying living cells.

2. Releasing chemicals that throw off homeostasis

Question 25

What are 5 bacterial diseases?

Answer 25

1. Lyme's Disease 2. Tuberculosis 3. Meningitis 4. Strep Throat 5. Tetnus

Question 26

What are 6 ways that we control the spread of bad bacteria?

Answer 26

1. Disinfectant 2. The lower the temperature the safer the product 3. Sanitation 4. Sterilization by heat 5. Washing hands 6. Food Processing or Cooking Food

Question 27

What is a vaccine?

Answer 27

It stimulates the body's immune system with either weakened pathogens, dead pathogens, or inactivated toxins from the bacteria.

Question 28

What are 2 types of antibiotics?

Answer 28

Penicillin, or Tetracylene

Question 29

What do antibiotics do to disrupt pathogens?

Answer 29

They stop the bacteria from being able to make the proteins to live or they stop it from being able to reproduce.

Question 30

What is a negative effect that occur from antibiotics?

Answer 30

Antibiotic resistance from the superbugs.

Question 31

Give an example of a superbug

Answer 31

MRSA.

Question 32

What is MRSA?

Answer 32

It is a superbug that gives hospitals trouble because it has high antibiotic resistance.

Question 33

What is an emerging disease?

Answer 33

Any new disease on the market or any disease that came back after a long time.

Question 34

Name 1 emerging disease?

Answer 34

Zica. It originated in Africa and is transferred through mosquitoes.