Whats another name for bacteria?
Prokaryotic cells
Whats another name for archaea
Eukaryotic cells
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
- No nuclear membrane or other membranes around organelles
- Unicellular (single celled) and small ( less than 2 µm)
- Only 1 circular chromosome floating in the cytoplasm
What are the important structures of a prokaryotic cell?
- Capsule
- Cell wall
- Plasma membrane
- Nucleoid region
- Pili
- Flagellum
What does the capsule on Prokaryotic cells do?
- Increases virulence (ability to cause disease)
- Sticks to surfaces
- Protection from white blood cells
- Prevents water loss
What does the cell wall in prokaryotic cells do?
- Helps maintain rigidity, strength support, and protection
What does the plasma membrane ( AKA cell membrane) in prokaryotic cells do?
- Controls movement of substances in and out of bacterial cell
What does the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells do?
- Contains DNA, several protiens and RNA
What is pili in prokaryotic cells and what does it do?
Pili is a hair like structure on a bacterial surface
- Different pili have different functions ( ex mobility, attachment, exchange of genetic info.)
What is flagellum in prokaryotic cells and what does it do?
Flagellum is a whip like structure on bacteria
- Used for movement 6+
What are plasmids?
- Small circular pieces of bacterial DNA separate from the main chromosome
- Help in stressful times ( sometimes make host bacterium resistant to antibiotics)
- Can contain killer genes to protect against other bacteria
- Involved in gene transfer and increasing diversity
How can you identify prokaryotes?
- Cell shape - spherical, spiral, rod
- Cell wall - gram + or gram -
- Movement - snaking, propelling, gliding ect
- Respiration
- Reproduction
What are the different bacterium shapes?
Coccus- Sphere shaped
Bacillius- Rod shaped
Spirillum- Spiral shaped
What are the different bacterium groupings?
Mono- One
Diplo- Two
Strepto- in a chain
Staphylo - cluster
What are the 2 unique shapes to archaea?
Cannulae and Hamus
What does cannulae look like?
Hollow tube like structures that connect cells after division creating a network of cells and tubes ( looks like brain nerves)
What does hamus look like?
Long helical tube with three hooks at the far ends. May allow cells to attatch to one another and other surfaces
What is a Gram + cell wall?
- Contains lots oof peptidoglycan in cell wall
- Stains purple ( positive) with a gram test
- More receptive to antibiotics
- Eubacertia
What is a Gram - cell wall?
- Thin peptidoglycan layer in cell wall
- Stains pink (negative) with a gram test
- Less receptive to antibiotics
- Mostly archaea
What helps the movement of eukaryotes?
The flagellum, cillia, and non motile
What does the flagellum do in eukaryotes?
The flagellum is a tail like structure that propels the bacterium
What does the cillia do in eukaryotes?
The cillia is small hair like projections that move back and forth in a synchronized movement
What does the non motile do in eukaryotes?
The non motile is a sticky cillia like structure that keeps the bacteriium from mocing
Whats the difference from paramecium and bacteria?
Paramecium is:
- not prokaryotic
- larger in size
- has cilia
Bactiria is:
- prokaryotic
- smaller in size
- has flagella
