Bacteria characteristics

Question 1

• Use an O2 dependent system to generate ATP
• what are the bugs involved

Nagging Pests Must Breathe

Answer 1

• Obligate aerobes
• Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MycoBacterierum tuberculosis
• P. aeruginoa is an aerobe seen in
  
  • burn wounds
  • complications of diabetes
  • nosocmial pneumonia
  • pneumonias in cystic fibrosis pts
• ​​Reactivation of *M. Tuberculosis *
  
  • ​After immune compromise or TNF-alpha inhibitor is used
  • has predilection for the apices of the lungs which have the highest PO2.

Question 2

• These lack catalse and or superoxide dismutase and are thus susceptible to oxidative damage
• Generally foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) are difficult to culture and produce gas in tissue (CO2 and H2)

Can’t Breathe Air

Answer 2

• Obligate anaerobes
• Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
• Anaerobes are normal flora in GI tract, pathogenic elsewhere
  
  • ​AminoO₂glycosides are ineffective against anaerobes b/c these antibiotics require O2 to enter in bacterial cell

Question 3

Intracellular bugs

• Rickettsia, Chlamydia (Can’t make own ATP)
  
  • ​Stay inside when its Really Cold
• ​Salmoneela, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Franscisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis.
  
  • ​S**ome **N**asty **B**ugs **M**ay **L**ive **F**acultative**LY.

Answer 3

• Obligate intracellular
• Facultative intracellular

Question 4

What is the commonality bt the following bugs

• Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia colli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and group B strep.
• these are opsonized and then cleared by spleen, Asplenics have decrease opsonizing ability and are at risk for severe infections.
• What do you give?

Answer 4

• Encapsulated bacteria
• give: S. pneumoniae, H, influenzae, N. Meningitidis vaccines.

Question 5

Pseudomonase, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. Coli, S. aureus, Serratia

• What is the group
• What is their function
• What disease is at risk

Answer 5

• Catalase positive organisms PLACESS
• Catalase degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to microbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
• CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) NADPH oxidase def. have recurrent infections with catalase positive organisms.

Question 6

Encapsulated bacteria vaccines

• Some cacines containing polysaccharide capsule antigens are conjucated to a carrier protein, enhancing immunogenicity by promoting T-cell activation and subsequent class switching
• A polysaccharide antigen alone cannot be presented to T cells.
• Define class of vaccines
  
  • give ex if they are conjugated or not.

Answer 6

• Pneumococcal vaccine
  
  • PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine:
    
    • Prevnar
  • PPSV (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine with no conjugated protein:
    
    • Pneumovax
• H. influenzae type B (conjugate vaccine)
• Meningococcal vaccine (conjugate vaccine)

Question 7

• Cryptococcus, H. Pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus*
• What is the catagory of these drugs?

Answer 7

• Urease positive bugs
• CH**uck Norris hates **PUNKSS

Question 8

Pigment producing bacteria

• Actinomyces isreali
• S. aureus
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Serratia marcescens

Answer 8

• Actinomyces isreali: yellow sulfur granules, which are composed of filaments of bacteria
  
  • (Isreal has yello sand)
• S. aureus: yellow pigment
  
  • aureus (L)= gold
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa: blue-green pigment
  
  • Aerugula is green
• Serratia marcescens; red pigment
  
  • Red marachino cherries

Question 9

Define the following Bacterial virulence factors

• Binds Fc region of IgG. prevent opsonization and phagocytosis. Expressed by S. aureus
• Enzyme that cleaves IgA. Secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influzenae type B, and Neisseria (SHiN) in order ot colonize respiratory mucosa.
• Helps prevent phagocytosis. Expressed in Group A streptococci.

Answer 9

• Protein A
• IgA protease
• M protein