Pt presents:
Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea (often seen in campers/hikers)
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: ** Giardia lamblia**
- Transmission: cysts in water
- Diagnosis: Trophozoites or cysts in stool
- Treatment: Metronidazole
Pt presents:
Bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain (histology shows flask shaped ulcer if submucosal abscess of colon ruptures)
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: ** Entamoeba histolytica**
- Transmission: cysts in water
- Diagnosis: serology and/or trophites (w/RBC in teh cytoplasm) or cyst (w/up to 4 nuclei) in stool
- Treatment:
- Metronidazole
- Iodoquinol (for asymptomatic cyst passers)
Pt presents:
Sever diarrhea in AIDS pt, Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in nonimmunocompromised.
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Cryptosporidium
- Transmission: Oocytes in water
- Diagnosis: Oocytes on acid-fast stain
- Treatment:
- Prevention (filtering city’s water supply)
- Nitazoxanide in immunocompetent hosts
Pt presents:
Brani abscess in HIV (seen as ring-enhanced brain lesions on CT/MRI);
congenital toxoplasmosis= classic triad ‘HIC’
-hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Toxoplasma gondii
- Transmission: cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces; cross placenta (pregnant women should avoid cats)
- Diagnosis: Serology, biopsy (tachyzoite)
- Treatment: Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Pt presents:
Rapidly fatal meninogoencephalitis
(think of house episiode)
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Naegleria fowleri
- Transmission: Swimming in freshwater lakes (think Nalgene bottle filled with fresh water containing Naegleria) enters via cribiform plate
- Diagnosis: Amoebas in spinal fluid
- Treatment: Amphotericin B has been effective for a few survivors.
Pt presents:
Africian sleeping sickness, enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigenic variation) somnolence, coma
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim:
- Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
- Transmission
- Tsetse fly, a painful bite
- Diagnosis
- blood smear
- Treatment
- Suramin: for blood born disease
- Melarsoprol for CNS penetration
It _sur_e is nice to go to sleep, _mela_tonin helps with sleep
Name the four types of malaria
- Plasmodium vivax/ovale
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium malariae
Malaria presents with
Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
which organism presents with a
48 hr cycel (tertian includes fever on first day and 3rd day)
fevers are 48 hr apart
dormant form (hyponzoite) in the liver
Plasmodium vivax/ovale
Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
Which organism presents with
Severe, irregular fever patterns, parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys, lungs
Plasmodium falciparum
Malaria presents with fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
which type of malaria presents with a 72 hr cycle (quartan)
Plasmodium Malariae
- How is malaria transmitted?
- What is used to make the diagnosis?
- Mosquitos (anopheles)
- Blood smear,
- trophozoite ring form w/in RBC,
- schizont containing merozoites.
Treatment of Malaria
- What do you use for initial treatment & MOA?
- What do you use if int treatment is resistant?
- What do you use in life threatening conditions
- what do test for initially prior to admin
- What do you give for vivax/ovale for hyponozoite
- what do you test for prior to admin?
- What do you use for initial treatment? chloroquine (blocks plasmodium heme polymerase)
- What do you use if int treatment is resistant? melfloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
- What do you use in life threatening conditions IV quinindine
- what do test for initially prior to admin G6PD def
- What do you give for vivax/ovale for hyponozoite primaquine
- what do you test for prior to admin? G6PD def
Pt presents with
Fever, hemolytic anemia, predominantly in NE US, asplenia inc risk of severe disease
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Babesia
- Transmission: Ixodes tick (coinfect with Borrelia burgdorferi of Lyme disease)
- Diagnosis:
- Blood smear
- ring form
- maltese cross
- PCR
- Blood smear
- Treatment
- Atovaquone
- Azithromycin
Pt presents with
Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus, predominatly in S. America.
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Disease that was discribed: Chagas disease
- Organsim: Trypanosoma cruzi
- Transmission: Reduviid bug (kissing bud) feces, deposited in a painless bite (much like a kiss).
- Diagnosis: blood smear
- Treatment:
- **Benznidazole **
- Nifurtimox
Pt presents with
Visceral leishmaniasis, (kala-azar); spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
- Organism
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Leishmania donovani
- Transmission: Sandfly
- Diagnosis: Macrophages containing amastigotes
- Treatment
- Amphotericin B
- Sodium stibogluconate
Pt presents with
Vaginitis (foul smelling greenish discharge, itching and burning)
Dont confuse with Gardnerella vaginalis, a gram-variable bacerium with bacterial vaginosis
Organsim
Transmission
Diagnosis
Treatment
- Organsim: Trichomonas vaginalis
- Transmission:
- sexual (cannot exist outside human body, bc it cannot form cysts)
- Diagnosis:
- Trophozoites (motile) on wet mount, strawberry cervix)
- Treatment:
- Metronidazole for pt & partner for prophylaxis.
Name the 3 protoza assoc with GI infections
and what you use to treatment them
- Giardia lamblia
- Metronidazole
- Entamoeba histolyitca
- Metronidazole
- Iodoquinol for asymptomatic cysts
- Cryptosporidium
- Prevention (by filtering city water supplies)
- Nitazoxanide in immunocompetent hosts
Name 3 protozoa assoc with CNS infections
and what is used to treat them?
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
- Naegleria fowleri
- Amphotericin B (has been effective for a few survivors)
- Trypanosoma brucei
- Suramin (blood born disease)
- Melasoprol for CNS penetration
Name 2 protozoa- hematologic infections
how do you treat them?
- Plasmodium
- P. vivax/ovale: inital + primaquine
- P. falciparum
- P. malariae
- Treatment:
- chloroquine (blocks plasmodium heme polymerase)
- if resistent use: mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
- If life threating use: IV quinidine
- Babesia
- Atovaquone + azithromycin
Name the 2 protozoa involved in visceral infections
how do you treat them?
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Benznidazole or
- Nifurtimox
- Leishmania donovani
- Amphotericin B
- Sodium Stibogluconate
Name the protozoa that causes STD
What is the treatment for it?
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Metronidazole (for pt and partner for prophylaxis)
Nematodes routs of infection
- You’ll get sick if you EAT these
- These get into your feet from the SANd
- Lay LOW to avoid getting bitten.
- Ingested
- Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara
- Cutaneous
- Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Nectar
- Bites
- Loa Loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti
-
Bacterial structures12
-
Bacterial taxonomy and stains11
-
Special culture requirements9
-
Bacteria characteristics9
-
Exotoxin vs endotoxin3
-
Bugs with exotoxins20
-
Bacterial genetics7
-
Gram positive Bugs36
-
Gram negative Bugs47
-
Zoonotic bacteria19
-
Mycology15
-
Parasitology38
-
Parasite hints & review12
-
Virology (basics)22
-
Virology (DNA viruses)27
-
Virology (RNA viruses)31
-
Virology (hepatitis viruses)17
-
Virology (HIV)34
-
Systems (Normal flora & food poisoning)15
-
Systems (bugs causing diarrhea)15
-
Systems (pneumonia & special groups)12
-
Systems (meningitis)11
-
Systems (osteomyelitis)8
-
Systems (UTI and Vaginal infections)12
-
Systems (neonatal and childhood illness)13
-
Systemic (Stds)11
-
Systems (Nosocomial infections)6
-
Systems (bugs affecting un-immunized children)4
-
Bug hints18
-
Anti-microbials (general)20
-
Anti-microbial (cell wall)13
-
Anti-microbial (protein synthesis)6
-
Anti-microbial (DNA synthesis)4
-
Anti-mycobacerial drugs8
-
Prophylaxis14
-
Anti-fungal drugs30
-
Anti-microbial drugs special considerations***30
-
Anti-viral drugs54
