Bacterial Physiology And Pathogenesis (Lec)

Question 1

The ability of bacteria/pathogens to harm the host

Answer 1

VIRULENCE

Question 2

process on how they cause the disease

Answer 2

MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS

Question 3

• loose network of polymers extending outward from the cell
• adds protection to the cell
• e. coli, streptococcus

Answer 3

SLIME LAYER

Question 4

• similar to slime layer but slime layer can be washed easily
• extracellular structure that protects bacteria

Answer 4

CAPSULE

Question 5

used for attachments

Answer 5

FIMBRIAE

Question 6

use for genetic exchange

Answer 6

PILI

Question 7

It causes abortion in cattles

Answer 7

Brucella abortus

Question 8

It is a nutrient in all living organisms. For humans, it’s growth limiting micronutrient

Answer 8

Iron

Question 9

• help bacteria get iron
• catches iron in the body
• get iron from transferrin and lactoferrin

Answer 9

SIDEROPHORE

Question 10

bacteria in bloodstream

Answer 10

bacteremia

Question 11

spread of pathogen, massive inflammation -> septic shock -> death

Answer 11

septicemia

Question 12

infection that affects the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part.

Answer 12

systemic infection

Question 13

the ability of a pathogen to enter the host cells

Answer 13

INVASION

Question 14

ability to cause disease, to produce toxin material

Answer 14

TOXICITY

Question 15

comes from: kalawang, soil

Answer 15

clostridium tetani = tetanus

Question 16

• promotes spreading of organisms in tissues
• hyaluronic acid tightens face
• bacteria prevents hyaluronic acid
• s. aureus common cause of pimples
• k-toxin heals tissue

Answer 16

streptococcus, staphylococcus and certain clostridium = hyaluronidase

Question 17

• Insoluble blood protein
• forms blood clots

Answer 17

FIBRIN

Question 18

dissolves fibrin

Answer 18

streptokinase

Question 19

forms fibrin clots

Answer 19

coagulase

Question 20

• produced inside the cell but goes outside
• are toxic proteins released from the pathogen cell as it grows
• cytolytic, AB toxin, super antigen

Answer 20

EXOTOXIN

Question 21

• acts on the intestinal wall
• Causes diarrhea

Answer 21

ENTEROTOXIN

Question 22

• toxin that disrupts nerve cells
• Clostridium tetani
• Clostridium botulinum (bones)

Answer 22

NEUROTOXIN

Question 23

• soluble, extracellular proteins produced by a variety of pathogens
• damage the host cytoplasmic membrane, causing cell lysis and death
• toxin that attacks the cell

Answer 23

CYTOLYTIC TOXIN

Question 24

• inhibit protein synthesis
• produces a and b toxin
• improperly preserved foods
• respiratory failure due to flaccid muscle paralysis

Answer 24

AB TOXIN

Question 25

- body produce cytokins to kill s. aureus - large quantities of cytokin cause inflammation --> septic shock

Answer 25

SUPERANTIGEN

Question 26

- inside - LPS - e.coli, shigella & salmonella - less toxic than exotoxin

Answer 26

ENDOTOXIN

Question 27

- to detect LPS - uses horseshoe blood

Answer 27

LAL (Limulus amoebocyte lysate)

Question 28

It is used in the biomedical industry to test medical devices and parenteral drugs for bacterial contamination before they are distributed

Answer 28

LAL (Limulus amoebocyte lysate)

Question 29

LPS consists of three covalently linked subunits:

Answer 29

membrane-distal O-polysaccharide, lipid A, and a membrane-proximal core polysaccharide