when is balance the best
when COM is over BOS
define limits of stability
sway boundaries without changing BOS
what are musculoskeletal system factors for balance
muscle performance, joint integrity, ROM, flexibility, postural alignment, sensation
contextual effects for balance
environment, support surface, gravity, lighting, and task characteristics
nervous system factors of balance
sensory processing, sensorimotor integration, motor strategies, adaptive mechanisms, anticipatory mechanism
what is reactive postural control
recover balance in response to unexpected displacement of BOS
what is anticipatory postural control
maintain stability with voluntary movements (planning to get around obstables)
adaptive postural control
with repeated trials reactions will diminish
factors that influence selection of balance strategies
- speed + intensity of displacing forces
- awareness of disturbance
-posture at the time - prior experiences
fall risk factors in older adults
history of falls, multiple meds, gait/balance/mobility deficits, muscle weakness, HR +rhythm abnormalities
is internal or external focus of attention better for motor learning
external
what are the subsets of postural stability in the spine
-inert (ligaments, bones, etc)
-active
- neural control
