Circular (coccus)
- Gram-positive
- Gram-negative
- Gram positive
- **Staphylococcus **
- Streptococcus
- Gram negative
- Neisseria
Rod (bacillus)
- Gram positive
- Clostridium
- Corynebacterium
- Bacillus
- Listeria
- Mycobacterium (acid fast)
- Gardnerella (gram variable)
Rod (bacillus)
- Gram negative (Enterics)
- E. coli
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- Yersinia
- Klebsiella
- Proteus
- Enterobacter
- Serratia
- Vibrio
- Campylobacter
- Helicobacter
- Pseudomonas
- Bacteroides
Rod (bacillus)
- Gram negative (Respiratory)
- Haemophilus (pleomorphic)
- Legionella (silver)
- Bordetella
Rod (bacillus)
- Gram negative (Zoonotic)
“-ella”
- Francisella
- Brucella
- Pasteurella
- Bartonella
**Branching filamentous **
- Gram positive
- Actinomyces
- Nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Pleomorphic
- Gram negative
- Rickettsiae (Giemsa)
- Chlamydiae (Giemsa)
Spiral
- Gram negative
“BLT”
- Borrelia (Giemsa)
- Leptospira
- Treponema
No cell wall
- Gram positive
Mycoplasma (doesn’t gram stain)
Which bugs have gram stain limitations?
These Microbes May Lack Real Color
- Treponema
- Mycobacteria
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella pneumophila
- Rickettsia
- Chlamydia
Stains
- Giemsa
Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience
- Chlamydia
- Borrelia
- Rickettsiae
- Trypanosomes
- Plasmodium
Stains
- PAS
PASs the sugar
- glycogen
- diagnosis of Whipple disease
Stains
- Ziehl-Neelsen
Acid fast organisms
- Nocardia
- Mycobacterium
Stains
- India ink
Cryptococcus neoformans
Stains
- Silver stain
Fungi
- Legionella
- Helicobacter pylori
Obligate aerobes
Nagging Pests Must Breathe
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Obligate anaerobes
Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air
- Clostridium
- Bacteroides
- Actinomyces
Obligate intracellular bugs
Stay inside cells when it’s Really Cold
- Rickettsia
- Chlamydia
Facultative intracellular bugs
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
- Salmonella
- Neisseria
- Brucella
- Mycobacterium
- Listeria
- Francisella
- Legionella
- Yersinia pestis
Encapsulated bacteria
SHiNE SKiS
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae type B
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Escherichia coli
- Salmonella
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Strep (group B)
Catalase-positive organisms
You need PLACESS for your cats
- Pseudomonas
- Listeria
- Aspergillus
- Candida
- E. coli
- S. aureus
- Serratia
Urease-positive bugs
CHuck Norris hates PUNKSS
- Cryptococcus
- H. pylori
- Proteus
- Ureaplasma
- Nocardia
- Klebsiella
- S. epidermidis
- S. saprophyticus
Pigment-producing bacteria
- Actinomyces israelii (yellow)
- S. aureus (yellow)
- Psuedomonas aeruginosa (blue-green)
- Serratia marcescens (red)
ENDOTOXIN
- Edema
- Nitric Oxide
- DIC/Death
- Outer membrane
- TNF-α
- O-antigen
- eXtremely heat stable
- IL-1
- Neutrophil chemotaxis
