First Aid: Microbiology > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Normal flora: dominant

skin

A

S. epidermidis

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2
Q

Normal flora: dominant

nose

A

S. epidermidis

colonized by S. aureus

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3
Q

Normal flora: dominant

oropharynx

A

Viridans group streptococci

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4
Q

Normal flora: dominant

dental plaque

A

S. mutans

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5
Q

Normal flora: dominant

colon

A

B. fragilis > E. coli

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6
Q

Normal flora: dominant

vagina

A

Lactobacillus

colonized by E. coli & group B strep

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7
Q

food poisoning

reheated rice

A

B. cereus

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8
Q

food poisoning

improperly canned foods

A

C. botulinum

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9
Q

food poisoning

reheated meat dishes

A

C. perfringens

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10
Q

food poisoning

undercooked meat

A

E. coli

O157:H7

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11
Q

food poisoning

poultry, meat, eggs

A

Salmonella

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12
Q

food poisoning

meats. mayonnaise, custard

preformed toxin

A

S. aureus

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13
Q

food poisoning

contaminated seafood

A

V. parahaemolyticus

V. vulnificus

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14
Q

bugs causing bloody diarrhea

A
  • Campylobacter
  • E. histolytica
  • EHEC
  • EIEC
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Y. enterocolitica
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15
Q

bugs causing watery diarrhea

A
  • C. difficile
  • C. perfringens
  • ETEC
  • Protozoa
  • V. cholerae
  • Viruses
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16
Q

common causes of pneumonia

neonates (<4 wks)

A
  • Group B streptococci
  • E. coli
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17
Q

common causes of pneumonia

children (4 wks - 18 yrs)

A

Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum

  • Viruses (RSV)
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. trachomatis (infants - 3 yrs)
  • C. pneumoniae (school-aged children)
  • S. pneumoniae
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18
Q

common causes of pneumonia

adults (18-40 YO)

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. pneumoniae
  • S. pneumoniae
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19
Q

common causes of pneumonia

adults (40-65 YO)

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • Anaerobes
  • Viruses
  • Mycoplasma
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20
Q

common causes of pneumonia

elderly

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Influenza virus
  • Anaerobes
  • H. influenzae
  • Gram-negative rods
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21
Q

pneumonia

alcoholic/IV drug user

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Klebsiella
  • Staphylococcus
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22
Q

pneumonia

aspiration

A

Anaerobes

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23
Q

pneumonia

atypical

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • Legionella
  • Chlamydia
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24
Q

pneumonia

cystic fibrosis

A
  • Pseudomonas
  • S. aureus
  • S. pneumnoiae
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25
pneumonia immunocompromised
* Staphylococcus * Enteric gram-negative rods * Fungi * Viruses * P. jirovecii (w/ HIV)
26
pneumonia nosocomial
* Staphylococcus * Pseudomonas * Other enteric gram negative rods
27
pneumonia post-viral
* Staphylococcus * H. influenzae * S. pneumoniae
28
common causes of meningitis newborn (0-6 mo)
* Group B streptococci * E. coli * Listeria
29
common causes of meningitis children (6 mo - 6 yrs)
* S. pneumoniae * N. meningitidis * H. influenzae type B * Enteroviruses
30
common causes of meningitis 6 - 60 YO
* S. pneumoniae * N. meningitidis (#1 in teens) * Enteroviruses * HSV
31
common causes of meningitis 60 YO+
* S. pneumoniae * Gram-negative rods * Listeria
32
CSF findings in meningitis: **bacterial** * opening pressure * cell type * protein * sugar
* increased * increased PMNs * increased * decreased
33
CSF findings in meningitis: **fungal/TB** * opening pressure * cell type * protein * sugar
* increased * increased lymphocytes * increased * decreased
34
CSF findings in meningitis: **viral** * opening pressure * cell type * protein * sugar
* normal/increased * increased lymphocytes * normal/increased * normal
35
osteomyelitis assume if no other information available
S. aureus (most common overall)
36
osteomyelitis sexually active
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis more common
37
osteomyelitis diabetics & IVDA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia
38
osteomyelitis sickle cell
Salmonella
39
osteomyelitis prosthetic joint replacement
S. aureus & S. epidermidis
40
osteomyelitis vertebral involvement
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott disease)
41
osteomyelitis cat & dog bites
Pasteurella multocida
42
most osteomyelitis occurs in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
children
43
clinical presentation of cystitis
* dysuria * frequency * urgency * suprapubic pain * WBCs in urine
44
clinical presentation of pyelonephritis
* fever * chills * flank pain * costovertebral angle tenderness * hematuria * WBC casts
45
UTI bugs
* Escherichia coli * Staphylococcus saprophyticus * Klebsiella pneumoniae * Serratia marcescens * Enterobacter cloacae * Proteus mirabilis * Pseudomonas aeruginosa
46
common vaginal infections
* Bacterial vaginosis * Trichomoniasis * Candida vulvovaginitis
47
**bacterial vaginosis** signs/symptoms lab findings
* no inflammation * thin, white discharge w/ fishy odor * clue cells * pH \> 4.5
48
**trichomoniasis** signs/symptoms lab findings
* inflammation * frothy, grey-green, foul-smelling discharge * motile trichomonads * pH \>4.5
49
**candida vulvovaginitis ** signs/symptoms lab findings
* inflammation * thick, white "cottage cheese" discharge * pseudohyphae * pH normal (4.0-4.5)
50
nonspecific signs common to TORCHES infections
* hepatosplenomegaly * jaundice * thrombocytopenia * growth retardation
51
ToRCHeS infections
* **To**xoplasma gondii * **R**ubella * **C**MV * **H**IV * **He**rpes simplex virus-2 * **S**yphilis
52
red rashes of childhood
* Coxsackievirus type A * HHV-6 * Measles virus * Parvovirus B19 * Rubella virus * Streptococcus pyogenes * VZV
53
rash begins at the head & moves down
* Measles virus * preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, blue white Koplik spots on buccal mucosa * Rubella virus * fine truncal rash * postauricular lymphadenopathy
54
vesicular rash begins on trunk spreads to face & extremities lesions of different ages
VZV (chickenpox)
55
"slapped cheek" rash on face
Parvovirus B19 Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
56
sexually transmitted diseases
* AIDS * Chancroid * Chlamydia * Condylomata acuminata * Genital herpes * Gonorrhea * Hepatitis B * Lymphogranuloma venereum * Primary syphilis * Secondary syphilis * Tertiary syphilis * Trichomoniasis
57
top bugs of PID
* Chlamydia trachomatis (subacute) * Neisseria gonorrhoeae (acute)
58
clinical presentation of PID
* cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) * purulent cervical discharge
59
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
* infection of the liver capsule * "violin string" adhesions of peritoneum to liver
60
nosocomial infections
* Candida albicans * CMV, RSV * E. coli, Proteus mirabilis * HBV * Legionella * Pseudomonas aeruginosa
61
the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
* E. coli (UTI) * S. aureus (wound infection)
62
bugs affecting unimmunized children rash
* rubella virus * measles virus
63
bugs affected unimmunized children meningitis
* H. influenzae type B * Poliovirus
64
bugs affected unimmunized children respiratory
* H. influenzae type B * Corynebacterium diphtheriae
First Aid: Microbiology
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