Basic immunologic Principles

Question 1

1. Antibody is produced by
   a. B cells differentiated into plasma cells
   b. T cells under the influence of thymosin
   c. B cells, T cells, and macrophages
   d. the pluripotent stem cell

Answer 1

a. B cells differentiated into plasma cells

Question 2

2. The clonal selection theory
   a. indicates that clones of T cells react with antigen of
   certain composition
   b. states that antigenic exposure to T cells results in antibody formation
   c. postulates that stimulated pluripotent stem cells develop into B cells, T cells, and macrophages
   d. indicates that identical and specific antibody is produced by progeny of B cells after stimulation

Answer 2

d. indicates that identical and specific antibody is produced by progeny of B cells after stimulation

Question 3

3. The following does not influence immunogenicity:
   a. shape and charge of the antigen molecule
   b. sterility
   c. route of administration
   d. size of molecule

Answer 3

b. sterility

Question 4

4. The immunoglobulin molecule consists of
   a. two heavy and two light chains
   b. identical heavy and identical light chains
   c. four heavy and four light chains separated by disulfide bonds
   d. carbohydrate sequences that confer subclass specificity in the variable regions

Answer 4

a. two heavy and two light chains

Question 5

5. Which of the following is least likely to activate complement?
   a. IgG1
   b. IgG2
   c. IgG3
   d. IgG4

Answer 5

d. IgG4

Question 6

6. Complement activation occurs in the disulfide bond
   regions of
   a. the hinge region
   b. the variable regions of the heavy chains
   c. the constant regions of the light chains
   d. the Fab fragment

Answer 6

b. the variable regions of the heavy chains

Question 7

7. Hemagglutination in antigen–antibody reactions is influenced by
   a. ionic strength of the test system
   b. pH
   c. incubation time
   d. all of the above

Answer 7

d. all of the above

Question 8

8. Complement activation in vitro
   a. does not result in observable hemolysis
   b. is possible if EDTA plasma is used
   c. is not observed in EDTA plasma
   d. is detected only if polyspecific antihuman globulin is
   used

Answer 8

c. is not observed in EDTA plasma

Question 9

9. Antibody binding is controlled from
   a. the hypervariable sequences in the V regions
   b. the invariable region of the heavy chain
   c. the Fc fragment
   d. the carboxy-terminal end

Answer 9

a. the hypervariable sequences in the V regions

Question 10

10. Most immune responses include
    a. both a cellular and humoral component
    b. inflammation and specific acquired immunity
    c. recognition of a nonself substance and cell activation
    d. all of the above

Answer 10

a. both a cellular and humoral component

Question 11

11. Macrophages are
    a. phagocytic and nonspecific
    b. phagocytic and specific
    c. capable of generating memory
    d. the source of complement and antibody

Answer 11

a. phagocytic and nonspecific

Question 12

12. The immune system has evolved to
    a. protect microorganisms from the sun’s rays
    b. protect the host against infection and prevent reinfection through generation of memory
    c. prevent us from paying higher taxes
    d. protect a host’s memory and generate infection

Answer 12

b. protect the host against infection and prevent reinfection through generation of memory