1
Q
Preventative Medicine: Basics
A
- Spay/Neuter
- Socialization Classes
- Exam Room Demonstrations
- lure train sit / down / touch requests.
- Puppy and kitten kits with handouts for most common problems.
2
Q
Spay and Neuter: Advantages
A
- Decrease in urine marking, mounting, roaming, intermale aggression.
- cats and dogs
- Decrease in aggression to human family members.
- only in 10% of dogs
- Neither age nor duration of the problem affected these results.
3
Q
Spay and Neuter: Disadvantages
A
- Increased tendancy of age-related cognitive impairment in male dogs.
- Urethral sphincter incontinence in female dogs spayed before 6 months.
4
Q
Socialization Classes: Benefits
A
- Well behaved puppies and kittens.
- Better retention tim ein the home.
- Bonds owners to clinic.
- Prevents anxiety in patients.
- Better owner compliance.
5
Q
What is the socializaion period?
A
- Puppies: 4 to 14 weeks.
- Kittens: 2 to 9 weeks.
- Exposure to all situations likely to be encountered during its life in a non fear provoking manner.
- Prevention of behavior problems.
- Socialization classes during this time.
- 7-10 days after first vaccination.
- Majority of small animals die from behavioral issues.
6
Q
Kitten Socializaion Classes
A
Kitty Kindergarten
- <14 weeks of age.
- Socialize with kittens, strangers, vet & clinic.
- One vaccine prior.
- Lessons:
- Brush Teeth
- Nail Trims & Grooming
- Manipulate Body Parts
- Restraint
- Carriers
- Obedience
7
Q
Puppy Socialization Classes
A
- Should have at least one vaccine.
- More dogs die now from behavior problems than infectious diseases.
- Have classes in safe environment
- Socialize to strangers, vet & clinic, and puppies.
- Lessons:
- Manners
- obeidience with positive reinforcement only.
- Play Time
- Pass the Puppy
- Husbandry Issues
- Manners
8
Q
Exam Room Demos
A
- Lure Training
- Sit, stay, come, down, drop it.
- Handling
- Ears, nails, teeth.
- Grooming.
9
Q
Practice What You Preach!!
A
- Don’t demonstrate something that you don’t want the owner doing.
- Alpha-Rolls
- Pinning
- Scruff-Shaking
- Punihsment for Fear
- Don’t take good behavior for granted.
- Reinforce it if you want to see it again!
10
Q
Puppy and Kitten Kits
A
- Can be pre-made or made in house.
- Handouts on body language.
- Handouts on common problems.
- Landsberg’s Book
- HSUS pets for life program
- Denver Dumb Friends League
11
Q
History Taking
A
- Owner’s don’t volunteer information about behavior problems.
- guilt
- don’t think vet can help
- Vet staff should ask at all non emergency appointments.
- Receptionist to ask to fill out check off sheet.
- Tech to ask prior to vet exam.
- Vet can ask.
12
Q
Common Appointments at a Vet Clinic
A
- Hit by Car
- Male roaming for females in estrus.
- Repair Fracture
- cat broke leg falling down stairs to avoid owner.
- Recurrent Ear Infection
- because owner cannot treat due to aggression of pet.
- Fractured Tooth
- escape behavior in crated dog with separation anxiety.
- Vomitting / Diarrhea
- pet continually gets into garbage.
- pica
- stress induced
13
Q
What are some common puppy behaviors often seen as undesirable?
A
- Mouthing / Nipping / Biting
- Chewing household items.
- Digging
- Jumping Up
14
Q
What are some common kitten behaviors often seen as undesirable?
A
- Counter Surfing
- Scratching / Biting in Play
- Waking Owners at Night
All can be delt with using learning theory. If you don’t want it, you need to use remote punishment. Increase activity during the day to give them stimulus. Reinforce what you DO want, they will get the idea.
15
Q
For each common problem, you need to?
A
- Normal or abnormal
- Prevention
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
16
Q
Is scratching furniture normal or abnormal behavior?
A
Scratching is normal behavior.
- Territorial marking.
- Conditions claws.
- Problems if performed in inappropriate areas.
Discuss scratching post as prevention:
- Placement
- Types
- Uses
17
Q
Scratching Treatment: Avoidance
A
- Modify Environment
- Make areas inaccessible if possible.
- Close doors, cover in plastic or tape.
18
Q
Scratching Treatment: Leadership
A
- Predictable interactions RRR.
- Non confrontational.
- No interactive postitive punishment.
19
Q
Scratching Treatment: Behavior Modification
A
- Positive reinforcement (treats or catnip) for using post.
- Positive remote punishment (tape, scat mat, Sccat) for using previous area.
20
Q
Scratching Treatment: Tools
A
- Vertical / Horizontal Post
- Remote distracter if catch in the act.
- Soft Paws Nail Caps
21
Q
Scratching Treatment: Pharmaceuticals / Pheromones
A
- Rub post with cats’ feet.
- Catnip on post.
- Pheromones on post or on marking comb nearby.
22
Q
What is separation anxiety in dogs?
A
- Exaggerated signs of anxiety when the dog doesn’t have access to attachment figure.
- Common Signs (must occur w/in 30 min):
- Vocalization
- Destruction
- Housesoiling
- Physiological changes due to stress.
- Tachycardia, tachypnea, anorexia, vomitting, pacing.
- Problems occur when owner is absent!
23
Q
What are some behavior differentials for vocalization?
A
- Barking
- Alarm
- Territorial
- Social Facilitation
- Attention Seeking
- Play
- Cognitive Dysfunction
- Separation Anxiety
- Whining
- Physical Discomfort
- Attention Seeking
- Frustration
- Cognitive Dysfunction
- Separation Anxiety
24
Q
What are some behavioral differentials for destruction?
A
- Destruction
- Teething
- Play
- Investigative Behavior
- Hunger
- Nesting
- Barrier Frustration
- Inadequate Exercise
- Predation
- Territorial Behavior
25
What are some behavior differentials for housesoiling?
* Behavioral DDX
* Inadequate Training
* Lack of Access
* Urine Marking
* Cognitive Dysfunction
* Separation Anxiety
* Medical DDX
* Medical Causes of pu/pd
* Urinary Tract Disorders
* GIT Disease
26
How do we diagnose separation anxiety?
* Hyperattachment to owner.
* velcro dog, excessive greeting behavior, anxiety at time of departure.
* Signs of destruction, housesoiling, vocalization.
* only when owner absent.
* usually within first 30 minutes.
* Survelliance
* visual and/or audio to confirm dx and monitor treatment.
27
Separation Anxiety Treatment
* Avoidance
* Leadership
* Behavior Modification
* Tools
* Pharm / Pheromones
28
Housesoiling in Cats
* Voiding
* Eliminating
* Horizontal Deposition
* Large Volumes
* Various Areas
* Squatting Posture
* Dig / Scratch
* Marking
* Communication
* Vertical Surfaces
* Small Volumes
* Areas of Social Significance
* Standing
* Rarely Dig / Scratch
29
Behavior in Litterbox
* Voiding
* Hesitation to enter box.
* Decreased digging / covering in box.
* Digging outside box.
* Perching on edge of box.
* Shaking paws.
* Running out of box.
* Signs suggestive of pain.
* Urine Marking
* Litterbox behavior unchanged.
* Many cats will dig before and/or after eliminating.
* Generally not in a hurry to leave the box.
30
Medical Differentials for Voiding Outside the Litterbox
* Medical
* PU / PD
* Urinary Tract Disease
* Constipation
* GIT Disease
* Arthritis
* Senility
31
Behavioral Differentials for Voiding Outside the Litterbox
* Aversion
* litterbox
* location
* Preference
* surface
* location
* Anxiety
32
Differentials for Marking
* Medical
* Unlikely!
* 1999 Study found 20% with urogenital condition.
* 2003 Study no diff in UA for marking vs non-marking cats.
* Behavioral
* Territorial Communication
* Anxiety
33
Treatments for Voiding Outside the Litterbox and Marking
* Avoidance
* Leadership
* Behavioral Modification
* Tools
* **_Perfect Litterbox_**: large, uncovered, unscented small grain clumping litter, scooped daily and cleaned weekly with warm soap and water only. 1 per cat +1.
* Pharm / Pheromones
* Clomipramine / Fluoxetine for marking.
34
Aggression
Threatening or harmful behavior directed toward another individual.
* Glare, growl, bite, or action - read body language.
* Aggression is just a symptom.
* IF the dog was ever punished for aggression, then this would decrease the signs of aggression (warnings) people then think dog is unpredictable.
* Normal or Abnormal Amount
* Look for trigger or context.
* to make dx.
* to avoid it.
* to start ds/cc.
35
Differentials for Aggression
* Degenerative / Developmental
* lisscencephaly, hydrocephaly, PSS, cerebral hypoxia, feline ischemia syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, sensory loss/fatigue, arthritis.
* Metabolic
* hepatic or uremic encephalopathy, hyperthyroidism, Cushings (high steroids).
* Nutritional
* thiamine or taurine deficiency in cats, high protein diet in dogs.
* Neoplastic
* intracranial neoplasia, lesion in temporal lobe, limbic system, or hypothalamus.
* Behavioral
* Infectious / Inflammatory
* rabies, toxo, distemper, FIP, tick borne, CNS inflammation or infection.
* Toxicity
* heavy metal, organophosphates, psychotropic med od.
* Trauma
* cerebral injury, infarct, or vascular disease, cuterebra larval infarcts, any painful condition.
36
Behavioral Differentials for Aggression
* Territorial Aggression
* Status / Dominance
* Conflict
* Fear / Anxiety
* Petting Induced
* Possession
* Other
37
_Aggression DX_: Territorial
* Context: entering space such as yard, house, car.
* Body Language: offensive and confident, or defensive and fearful.
38
_Aggression DX_: Status / Dominance Issues
* Context: conspecific or human approaches, tries to control a resource.
* Body Language: offensive and confident.
39
_Aggression DX_: Conflict
* Context: conspecific or human approaches or tries to control a resource.
* Body Language: ambivalent, may see both confident and fearful at the same time, may see offensive and defensive aggression.
They are in between two emotions!
40
_Aggression DX_: Fear / Anxiety
* Context: being cornered or approached.
* Body Language: defensive and fearful.
41
_Aggression DX_: Petting Induced in Cats
* Context: petting certain amount of time.
* Body Language: defensive or offensive (stiff, flicking tail, dialted eyes prior to biting).
* Cats like to be pet on the head.
42
_Aggression DX_: Possession or Food Related
* Context: conspecific or human approaches when in possession of favored object or food.
* Body Language: offensive or defensive, confident or fearful.
43
Treatment of Aggression
* Avoidance
* Leadership
* Tools
* Behavior Modification
* comes from learning theory lecture.
* Pharm / Pheromones
* if anxiety driven, drugs can be given. A side effect is that the dog can become more aggressive!!
Animal should know that everything good comes from humans! Puppies should sit for everything!
44
Compulsive Disorders
* Behaviors brought on by conflict, arousal, stress, or frustration displayed out of original context, and are often repetitive, exaggerated, or sustained.
* AKA: sterotypic behavior.
45
Oral Compulsive Disorders
* Dogs
* Flank Sucking
* Pica
* Licking Objects
* Nail Biting
* Acral Licking
* Cats
* Wool Sucking
* Pica
* Licking Objects
* Over Grooming
* Nail Biting
46
Locomotor Compulsive Disorders
* Dogs
* Spinning
* Tail Chasing
* Pacing / Circling
* Head Bobbing
* Attacking Inannimate Objects
* Cats
* Circling
* Aggitation / Running Due to Hyperesthesia
* Tail Chasing
47
Hallucinatory Compulsive Disorders
* Dogs
* Air Biting
* Fly Snapping
* Staring, Sky / Star Gazing
* Freezing
* Cats
* Staring at Shadows
* Avoiding Imaginary Objects
* Startling
48
Diagnosis of Compulsive Behaviors
* Rule out medical conditions!
* Need history and observation of behavior.
* find conflict that gave rise to behavior.
* demonstrate
* out of context now.
* difficult to interrupt.
* Treatment?
* Avoidance
* Leadership
* Behavior Modification
* Tools
* Pharm / Pheromones
