behavioural sciences

Question 1

what is psychology?

Answer 1

scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

Question 2

behaviour

Answer 2

observable actions: walking, talking, and kissing

Question 3

mental processes

Answer 3

thoughts, feelings, motives, memories

Question 4

Positive psychology

Answer 4

focuses on human strength, well being, happiness, resilience

Question 5

3 components of psychology

Answer 5

though(cognition), emotion, behaviour

Question 6

central nervous system

Answer 6

brain, spinal cord

Question 7

peripheral nervous system

Answer 7

nerves in the body connecting to the brain

Question 8

Afferent

Answer 8

ARRIVES at brain (sensory)

Question 9

Efferent

Answer 9

EXITS brain (motor)

Question 10

Somatic nervous system

Answer 10

voluntary, control skeletal muscles

Question 11

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

involuntary, organs and glands

Question 12

sympathetic

Answer 12

Fight or flight, increased heart rate, increased breathing

Question 13

Parasympathetic

Answer 13

Rest and digest, decreased heart rate, decreased heart rate, digestion

Question 14

Neurons

Answer 14

Transmit electrical impulses
communicate with neurotransmitters

Question 15

Glial cells

Answer 15

support, protect, insulate neurons
do not transmit impulses

Question 16

Dendrites

Answer 16

RECIEVE signals

Question 17

Cell body

Answer 17

integrates signals

Question 18

axon

Answer 18

sends signal

Question 19

Myelin sheath

Answer 19

speeds signal

Question 20

Axon terminal

Answer 20

releases neurotransmitter

Question 21

All or nothing principle

Answer 21

signal happens fully or not at all

Question 22

What is development?

Answer 22

pattern of growth and decline in human abilities across lifespan
infancy–>childhood–>adolescence–>adulthood–>aging–>

Question 23

Domains of development

Answer 23

biological: genes, brain, hormones
cognitive: thinking, memory, problem solving
socioemotional: emotions, relationships, personality

Question 24

Nature, nurture, self

Answer 24

nature: biological inheritance (genes)
nurture: environment and experience
self: people actively shape their own development
all three interact

Question 25

Resilience

Answer 25

ability to recover from adversity

Question 26

Prenatal development

Answer 26

Germinal(1-2 weeks): zygote Embryonic(3-8 weeks): organs Fetal(2-9 months): growth & functions

Question 26

Infant physical development

Answer 26

reflexes: - lifelong: blinking, coughing - disappear: rooting, moro, grasping brain: - rapid synapse growth--> LATER PRUNING - myelination continues after birth

Question 27

Piaget cognitive development

Answer 27

Schemas: Mental frameworks assimilation: fit new info into OLD schema Accommodation: change schema

Question 28

Sensorimotor (0-2 years)

Answer 28

coordinate sensation with movements object permanence

Question 29

Preoperational (2-7 years)

Answer 29

egocentrism, symbolic thought

Question 29

concrete operational (7-11 years)

Answer 29

conservation, logic

Question 30

formal operational (11+ years)

Answer 30

abstract reasoning

Question 31

Nativism

Answer 31

In-born abilities

Question 32

Vygotsky

Answer 32

culture and education shape thinking

Question 33

information processing

Answer 33

attention, memory, executive function

Question 34

Harlow

Answer 34

contact and comfort > food

Question 35

Bowlby

Answer 35

attachment shapes future relationships

Question 36

Childhood stage

Answer 36

1. trust vs mistrust 2. autonomy vs shame 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority

Question 37

Adolescence stage

Answer 37

identity vs role confusion

Question 38

Adulthood

Answer 38

intimacy vs isolation generativity vs stagnation integrity vs despair

Question 39

Kubler-Ross

Answer 39

denial-->anger-->bargaining-->depression-->acceptance

Question 40

bonanno

Answer 40

resilience is common

Question 41

Terror managment

Answer 41

awareness of death shapes behaviour

Question 42

occipital lobe

Answer 42

vision and seeing

Question 43

Temporal lobe

Answer 43

Hearing, language processing, memory

Question 44

Parietal lobe

Answer 44

spatial location, attention, motor control

Question 45

frontal lobe

Answer 45

intelligence, personality, muscles, planning

Question 46

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 46

(IN PARIETAL LOBE) body sensation/touch

Question 47

Motor cortex

Answer 47

(IN FRONTAL LOBE) voluntary movements

Question 48

Genotype

Answer 48

genetic heritage

Question 49

phenotype

Answer 49

observable characteristics both physical and physiological

Question 50

sensation

Answer 50

process of receiving stimulus from external environment

Question 51

perception

Answer 51

process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

Question 52

bottom up processing

Answer 52

you hear a sound you haven't heard before brain is learning

Question 53

top down processing

Answer 53

you hear your moms voice your brain already knows this voice

Question 54

what is motivation?

Answer 54

forces that energizes, directs, and sustains behaviour

Question 55

what does the evolutionary approach to motivation emphasize?

Answer 55

Instincts that promote survival

Question 56

what is the drive reduction theory?

Answer 56

behaviour is motivated by reducing drives to maintain homeostasis

Question 57

optimal arousal

Answer 57

best performance at moderate arousal

Question 58

Maslow hierarchy

Answer 58

Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self actualization

Question 59

self determination theory

Answer 59

1. competence 2. relatedness 3. autonomy