Dentistry yr 1 > Biophysics > Flashcards

Biophysics Flashcards

Committee 2 exam prep (60 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

molecular biophysics

A

structure and interaction of biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and lipids.

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2
Q

Biomechanics

A

mechanical properties of bio tissues and movement and muscle contraction.

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3
Q

membrane biophysics

A

structure, transport, and dynamics of bio membranes

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4
Q

physiological biophysics

A

physical mechanisms underlying body functions like nerve conduction and muscle activity.

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5
Q

Radiation biophysics

A

how ionizing and non-ionizing radiation interact with biological tissues

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6
Q

Medical biophysics

A

applies physical principles in diagnosis and therapy like MRI and CT scans

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7
Q

Environmental biophysics

A

temperature, humidity, radiation, light, water balance, and energy exchange

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8
Q

theoretical biophysics

A

mathematical and computational models to simulate biological systems and predict behaviour

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9
Q

vector

A

magnitude and direction

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10
Q

scalar

A

magnitude only

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11
Q

isolated system

A

cannot exchange neither energy nor mass

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12
Q

closed system

A

energy can be exchanged but mass cannot

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13
Q

open system

A

both energy and mass can be transferred

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14
Q

lateral diffusion

A

lipid molecules exchange positions with neighbors in same MONOLAYER
most common and occurs always

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15
Q

rotation diffusion

A

lipid molecules rotate rapidly along their axis, helps maintain proper orientation

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16
Q

transverse diffusion

A

migration of lipids from one monolayer to another
ENERGETICALLY UNFAVORABLE
needs flippases

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17
Q

flexion diffusion

A

lipid molecules are flexible and bend influencing local membrane lipids.

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18
Q

diffusion

A

high concentration to low concentration

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19
Q

osmosis

A

water moves from the region of low solute concentration (high water conc) to region of high solute concentration (low water conc) until eqm is reached
passive transport

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20
Q

isotonic soln

A

equal solute concentration inside and outside cell
no net water movement

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21
Q

hypertonic soln

A

solute concentration HIGHER outside of cell —> water leaves cell
cell shrinks due to water loss

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22
Q

hypotonic soln

A

solute concentration LOWER outside of cell —> water enters cell and can burst

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23
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

movement from high to low concentration using membranes proteins (channels or carriers)

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24
Q

active transport

A

needs ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient from LOWER TO HIGHER

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25
primary active transport
Sodium and potassium pump
26
secondary active transport
sodium and glucose cotransport USES electrochemical gradient by primary active transport to drive movement of another substance
27
symport
both sodium and glucose move in SAME direction
28
antiport
sodium and potassium pump move in opposite directions
29
exocytosis
transport vesicles move to the plasma membrane, fuse with it and release their contents outside the cell NEEDS ATP
30
endocytosis
cell takes in macrmolecules by ivagination of plasma membrane, making vesicles.
31
phagocytosis
cellular eating
32
pinocytosis
cellular drinking
33
exogenous water
comes from beverages and food, 1.5-3 liters
34
endogenous water
metabolic water produced during oxidation of nutrients 300-350 ml per day
35
extracellular fluid compartment
blood plasma within the closed system of heart and veins 1. intravascular: Plasma in blood vessels and plasma proteins like albumin 2. extravascular: (transcellular, interstitial, connective tissue)
36
Intracellular fluid
total fluid content of all cells in the body metabolic and enzyme reactions maintain shape and enzymatic rxns
37
transcellular fluid
found at various parts of organisms, CSF, sweat gland etc.
38
interstitial fluid
fluid in the interstitial cavity that surrounds tissue and cells
39
connective tissue fluid
gel like fluid associated with collagen and elastin fibers
40
osmolality
measured as osmoles per kilogram of solvent (water) not affected by changes in temp or pressure)
41
osmolarity
osmoles per liter of solution depends on the volume of entire solution, can change slightly with temp and pressure.
42
hypervolemia
too much fluid in the blood
43
hypovolemia
too little fluid in the blood
44
membrane potential
voltage difference between inside and outside of cell membrane caused by unequal ion distributions
45
resting membrane potential
steady state membrane potential of excitable cells when they are not transmitting signals
46
gibs donnan eqm
fixed negative proteins inside --> unequal ion distribution --> contributes to negativity of RMP
47
nernst equation
potential at which ONE specific ion is in electrochemical eqm
48
goldman-hodgkin-katz eqn
real cells are permeable to several ions at same time, mp is weighted average of their eqm potentials based on permeability
49
stimulus
for a stimulus to generate an action potential we need a strong stimulus of -55 mV
50
depolarization
once threshold is exceeded Na sodium channels OPEN intracellular polarity from a negative (-70) to positive (+30)
51
repolarization
voltage gated sodium channels close and inactivate Potassium K moves outside creating a negative polarity
52
hyperpolarization
potassium channels close slowly allowing extra potassium to leave the neuron, therefore membrane potential becomes more negative than the RESTING LEVEL before it goes back to normal.
53
ionizing radiation
high-energy electromagnetic waves (gamma) or particulate radiation (alpha and beta particles) enough energy to remove electron from atomic orbit
54
non-ionzing radiation
low-energy electromagnetic waves not enough energy to remove electron from its orbit but can excite electron to higher energy levels
55
Alpha radiation
low penetration high ionization stopped by paper and skin dangerous if INSIDE body
56
beta radiation
high penetration low ionization penetrates 1-2 cm of soft tissue
57
gamma rays
high energy, short wavelength high penetration power
58
ECG(electrocardiogram)
measures electrical activity of the heart
59
EEG(electroencephalography)
records electrical activity of brain
60
EMG(electromyography)
measures electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles
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