Bienkowski 2013

Question 1

Describe the inputs/outputs to the medial CeA as discussed in Bienkowski & Rinamen (2013),

Answer 1

Medial CeA

• primarily receives projections from cortical & sensory systems
• projects directly to hypothalamic and brainstem motor systems
• has indirects effect on responses via projections to BNST
• receives relatively small amount of direct feedback from relevant motor/viscerosensory nuclei
• receives most of its feedback about execution via a BNST-mediated pathway
• relays feedback to cortex and sensory thalamic systems

Question 2

Where does the ventrolateral BNST project to, that the medial CeA does not (directly) project to?

Answer 2

Paraventricular nucleus. So the CeA does not induce long-term increases in peripheral CRH directly, but the BNST does.

Question 3

Bienkowski and Rinamin (2013) findings suggest that the ventrolateral BNST…

Answer 3

Receives most feedback regarding execution of motor outflow and interoceptive feedback (viscerosensory nuclei)
Relays this into back to the medial CeA
*Projects to the Paraventricular nucleus (CRH)

Question 4

Method (Bienkowski & Rinamin, 2013):

Answer 4

Into phonetic delivery of retrograde neural tracers into medial CeA and ventrolateral BNST to examine their axonal inputs.