oil immersion technique
The oil immersion technique involves placing a special oil between the microscope’s high-power objective lens and the coverslip on the slide. This replaces the air gap with a medium that has a similar refractive index to the glass, which improves resolution and image brightness by reducing light loss due to refraction.
permanent mounts
(onion root tips, human blood
smears, human cheek cells, Paramecium sp.) A permanent mount is a system or item that is intended to be kept and used indefinitely, rather than temporarily or for a single use,
wet mounts
Wet or Temporary mounts (Elodea sp., aquarium
sludge).a laboratory method to prepare a specimen for microscopic examination by suspending it in a drop of liquid, such as water or saline, between a glass microscope slide and a coverslip. This technique keeps living specimens moist and is used for observing water-bound organisms, body fluids like saliva or urine, and for diagnosing infections such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections.
the desert pupfish is an example of
allopatric speciation
polyploidy results in
instant sympatric speciation
- accidents during cell division
offspring
- early miscarriages and developmental problems in humans, new species in plants and animals (speciation), increased size and stress resistance, and potentially cancer and aging-related diseases in somatic cells
punctuated equilibrium model
a new species changes most as it buds from a parent species
how does polyploidy cause reproductive isolation
Polyploidy causes reproductive isolation by creating offspring with an unbalanced number of chromosomes, rendering them sterile or infertile compared to their diploid ancestors.
contributions of miller and Urey toward understanding the origin of organic molecules
The Miller–Urey experiment, conducted by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey in 1953, demonstrated that amino acids and other organic molecules could spontaneously form from inorganic compounds under the simulated conditions of early Earth
