two categories that influence how an organism interacts with its environment
abiotic and biotic
what is a biotic factor
a living component of the environment (ex: predators)
what is an abiotic factor
a non-living component of the environment (ex: sunlight)
what is acclimation
reversible change in an organisms physiolgy or behavior that helps it adjust to its new/changing environment
what is adaptation
a heritable trait or feature that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce
what are the three basic responses to acclimation and adaptation
physiological, anatomical, behavioral
what is the terrestrial biome and aquatic biome characterized by
terrestrial biome is vegetation type and aquatic biome is the physical environment
what are the different zones in the marine ecosystem
aphonic, photic, and interdial
what is the difference between direct and indirect human impact
direct is more immediate (deforestation) while indirect is over time habits (like fertilization)
what is population density
number of individuals per unit area
what is population demography
ages, birth rates, death rates, immigration, emigration
what is survivorship curve
the probability of individuals surviving to various ages
what are each type of survivorship curve
type I: most survive to old ages, type II: constant survival of all ages, type III: low survival for young individuals
what is exponential population growth
population increasing by the same amount every year
what is carrying capacity
the number of individuals of that species that the environment can sustain
what are three types of biodiversity
genetic, species, ecosystem
what are all the interspecific interactions
competition, mutualism, predation, herbivory, parasites, and commensalism
what is a niche
the role an organism plays in its environment
what is a trophic structure
feeding relationships among various species in a community
what are the different levels in the food chain
producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer tertiary consumer, and decomposer
what is biomagnification
toxins in organisms increasing as you move up levels
what is the hierarchy of organization in animals
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
what are the four tissue types
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
what are the four stages of processing foods
ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
