Exam 3 (FINAL)

Question 1

What does it mean to be Herbivore, Carnivore, and Omnivore?

Answer 1

Herbivore: Eats plants
Carnivore: Eats meat
Omnivore: Eats both

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of food processing?

Answer 2

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

Question 3

Pathway of food through the digestive system.

Answer 3

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine

Question 4

What is the difference between the chemical and mechanical digestion and where do they occur?

Answer 4

Mechanical is first in the mouth and chemical is second in the body

Question 5

What propels food through the esophagus?

Answer 5

Peristalsis

Question 6

What is the epiglottis and what is its function in the digestive system?

Answer 6

The flap at the throat that acts a as switch and directs from from either entering or not entering the throat

Question 7

What is the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 7

1300-1800 calories a day

Question 8

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 8

The nutrients that cannot be made by the body

Question 9

Which essential nutrients do we need?

Answer 9

Amino acids, Vitamins, Minerals, Fatty acids

Question 10

What is BMI?

Answer 10

Body Mass Index

Question 11

What are the two types of circulatory systems that animals can have?

Answer 11

Open and Closed

Question 12

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 12

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body.

Question 13

What protein do red blood cells carry?

Answer 13

Hemoglobin

Question 14

What is the cardiac style and what is diastole and systole?

Answer 14

One complete heartbeat, systole is pumping blood, diastole is relaxing blood

Question 15

What are the three characteristics of all respiratory surfaces?

Answer 15

Large surface area, thin walls, and a moisture surface

Question 16

Path air takes throughout the body

Answer 16

Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Alveoli

Question 17

What is hyperventilation and hypoventilation?

Answer 17

Hyper..: Inadequate breathing
Hypo..: Breathing too rapidly or deeply

Question 18

What is innate immunity?

Answer 18

Already developed immunity

Question 19

What cell/structures does innate immunity provide protection to?

Answer 19

Phagocytic cells and Natural killer cells

Question 20

What is adaptive immunity?

Answer 20

Immunity that needs preparation

Question 21

What the four steps of adaptive immunity?

Answer 21

1) Antigen recognition, 2) Activation, 3) Attack, 4) Memory

Question 22

What is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens?

Answer 22

The innate immune system

Question 23

How do B and T cells recognize anitbodies?

Answer 23

B Cells: Secrete antibodies
T Cells: Stimulate activity of other 2 types

Question 24

What is a histamine and what is its function?

Answer 24

A natural chemical in the body that responds to allergens

Question 25

What are the steps of the inflammatory response?

Answer 25

1) Recognizing injury, ) Recruiting immune cells, 3) Removing the threat, 4) Regulating the process, 5) Repairing the tissue

Question 26

What are allergies and how do they work?

Answer 26

Exaggerated sensitivity to a harmless antigen

Question 27

What is the difference between the primary and secondary immune response?

Answer 27

Primary is the body's first time response to a new pathogen and secondary is the body's faster, stronger reaction to re-exposure

Question 28

What are the two different classifications of hormones?

Answer 28

Steroids and non-steroids

Question 29

What are the three types of hormones that are produced by gonads?

Answer 29

Estrogen, Progestins, and Testosterone

Question 30

What structures are found in the female and male reproductive system?

Answer 30

Ovaries and balls

Question 31

How does sperm fertilize an egg?

Answer 31

Sperm enters the egg

Question 32

What happens during cleavage and where?

Answer 32

Rapid cell division during embryonic development

Question 33

What happens during gastrulation and where?

Answer 33

Cell migration and specialization after cleavage

Question 34

What are the three primary germ layers?

Answer 34

Ectoderm (Skin, teeth, nails), Mesoderm (Muscles, bones, kidney), Endoderm (Bladder lining, glands, liver)

Question 35

What are the different structures in a neuron?

Answer 35

Dendrites (Receives messages), Cell body (house the nucleus), Axon (Transmits signals towards receiving cell)

Question 36

What is the difference between nerve and neuron?

Answer 36

Neuron is a single cell and a nerve is a bundle of many neurons

Question 37

What is the function of the central nervous system?

Answer 37

Main communication pathway (Brain)

Question 38

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 38

Connects the nervous system to the rest of the body (Spinal cord)

Question 39

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 39

Motor system and autonomic nervous system

Question 40

Which division of the peripheral nervous system does the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system belong to?

Answer 40

Autonomic nervous system

Question 41

What is the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 41

Para: Calm and conserves energy ("Rest and digest") Sympa: Stress and high heart rate ("Fight or flight)

Question 42

Function of the lobes of the brain?

Answer 42

Frontal: Judgement/Emotion/Speech Temporal: Hearing/Smell/Auditory Partial: Speech/Taste/Reading Occipital: Visual/Vision

Question 43

Path light takes through the eye?

Answer 43

Cornea, Aqueas, Pupil, Lens, Vitras, Reina, Optic Nerve

Question 44

Path sound takes through the ear?

Answer 44

Ear canal, Eardrum, Middle ear bones, cochlea, Auditory nerve, Brain

Question 45

What are the names of the three inner ear bones?

Answer 45

1) Malleus (hammer), 2) Incus (anvil), 3) Stapes (Stirrup)