BIO - Cell Specialization

Question 1

process by which unspecialized cells develop into specific types of cells that
perform particular functions in the body.

Answer 1

Cell specialization

Question 2

Function: regulates rate of transpiration
• Cell wall has varying thickness

Answer 2

Guard cells

Question 3

Function: produces food through the
process of photosynthesis
• Contains numerous chloroplasts

Answer 3

Photosynthesis cells

Question 4

Function: absorbs water and minerals from
the soil
• Long and thin with large surface area

Answer 4

Root hair cells

Question 5

Function: transport water and mineral from
the roots to other parts of the plants
• Has lignin, no protoplasm
• Cell form continuous tube

Answer 5

Xylem vessel

Question 6

Function: carry O2 throughout the body
• No nucleus,
• biconcave shape,
• contains hemoglobin

Answer 6

Red blood cells

Question 7

Function: carries genetic material
• Large and bulky
• Chemical change in the membrane
prevents fertilization of more than
one sperm

Answer 7

Egg cells

Question 8

Function: in immune system
• Irregular shape
• Can produce antibodies and
antitoxins

Answer 8

White blood cells

Question 9

Function: carry nerve impulses through the
body
• Long, thin axon
• Branching dendrites
• Myelinated

Answer 9

Neurons

Question 10

Function: fertilize egg cell
• Long tail to swim
• Numerous mitochondria
• Contains chemicals

Answer 10

Sperm cells

Question 11

Function: facilitate movement
• Elongated and elastic
• Numerous mitochondria

Answer 11

Muscle cells

Question 12

refers to the structural changes or adaptations that a specialized cell
undergoes to help it perform its function more effectively.

Answer 12

Cell modification

Question 13

found in the apical or top surface of the cell

Answer 13

Apical modification

Question 14

primary cilia (sensory)

Answer 14

Non-motile

Question 15

Movement

Answer 15

Motile

Question 16

are long whiplike structures, primarily used for locomotio

Answer 16

Flagella

Question 17

are tiny hair-like projections that line the inside of the small intestine.

Answer 17

Villi

Question 18

are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells

Answer 18

Microvilli

Question 19

Are similar to microvilli and cilia but are longer and nonmotile. It can be found
in the inner ear that senses sound waves and balance.

Answer 19

Steriocilia

Question 20

“False feet” are finger-like extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.
They are neither apical nor basal modifications. These structures appear as arm-like
projections that function for ingestion and movement. It bulges outward to move the cell
in order to engulf energy.

Answer 20

Pseudopods

Question 21

compound secreted by the cell on its apical surface.

Answer 21

Extra-cellular matrix

Question 22

is the extra cellular structure in plant cells that distinguishes them from
animal cells.

Answer 22

Cell wall

Question 23

is the main ingredient of ECM in animal cells

Answer 23

Glycoprotein

Question 24

Found in the basal or bottom surface of the cell

Answer 24

Basal modification

Question 25

The anchoring junction of the basal surface of the cell. Primarily composed of keratin, integrins and cadherins.

Answer 25

Hemidesmosome

Question 26

Found in the lateral or side surface of the cell.

Answer 26

Lateral modification

Question 27

Act as barriers that regulate the movement of water and solutes between epithelial layers.

Answer 27

Tight junction

Question 28

Closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together to form a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid.

Answer 28

Adhering junction

Question 29

Responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of tissues by resisting shear forces.

Answer 29

Desmosome

Question 30

Also known as communicating junctions. It connects the cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells

Answer 30

Gap junction