bio ch3

Question 1

3 parts of cell theory

Answer 1

all organisms are are made of cells

all existing cells are made from preexisting cells

most basic unit of life

Question 2

difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

euk: nucleus, membrane, complex

prok: no nucleus, no membrane, single celled, simple

Question 3

cytoskeleton

Answer 3

gives stucture

Question 4

flagella

Answer 4

whip like tail

Question 4

pilli

Answer 4

hair on cells

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

fluid that contains organelles

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

storehouse of DNA, has all the instructions

Question 7

nucleolus

Answer 7

region that makes ribosomes

Question 8

rough ER

Answer 8

covered in ribosomes, helps make proteins

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

makes proteins

Question 10

vesicles

Answer 10

container for shipping materials

Question 11

golgi apparatus

Answer 11

sorts proteins, “post office”

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

powerhouse of the cell, makes energy

Question 13

vacuole

Answer 13

storage containers for food and waste

Question 14

lysosomes

Answer 14

helps digestion, can self destruct

Question 15

centriole

Answer 15

helps with cell division

Question 16

chloroplast

Answer 16

converts sun energy to chemical energy

Question 17

diffusion

Answer 17

liquid or gas moving from high to low concentration

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

water moving across a membrane from high to low concentration

Question 19

isotonic solution

Answer 19

same concentration as cell

Question 20

hypertonic solution

Answer 20

higher solute than the cell, less water percentage than the cell

Question 21

hypotonic solution

Answer 21

lower solute than the cell, more water percentage than the cell

Question 22

facilitated diffusion

Answer 22

diffusion using proteins

Question 23

active transport

Answer 23

low concentration to high, energy needed

Question 24

passive transport

Answer 24

no energy needed

Question 25

endocytosis (or phagocytosis)

Answer 25

takes materials into the cell

Question 26

exocytosis

Answer 26

takes materials out of the cell

Question 27

how are proteins made

Answer 27

rough ER gives material to ribosomes, ribosomes link amino acids to make proteins

Question 28

what determines the direction of passive transport

Answer 28

the water will always move toward the lower concentration of water

Question 29

how do substances move against concentration gradients

Answer 29

using energy in active transport, protein pumps take material needed into or out of the cell

Question 30

concentration gradient

Answer 30

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another