Bio chapter 21

Question 1

What is a protist?

Answer 1

Usually a unicellular eukaryote that is not a plant, fungi, or animal

Question 2

What are some characteristics of protists?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic (the first)UnicellularAsexual or sexual reproduction

Question 3

Why does the classification of protists need to change?

Answer 3

Very diverse (some are more closely related to other kingdoms than protists)

Question 4

Protists should be classified as ________ different kingdoms.

Answer 4

6

Question 5

Describe the different movement methods of protists and the names of organisms that use each type

Answer 5

Amoeboid movement- cytoplasm projections- amoebas
Flagella- tail-like structures- flagellates (euglena)
Cilia- lots of short hair-like projections – ciliates (paramecium)
Passive- let environment move them (current in the water, wind, etc)

Question 6

How can protists reproduce?

Answer 6

AsexuallySexually (alternation of generations)

Question 7

Why is conjugation important in certain protest species?

Answer 7

To increase genetic diversity

Question 8

What does alternation of generations mean?

Answer 8

That the organism lives part of its life in the diploid stage, and some in a haploid stage

Question 9

How are autotrophic protists important in many ecosystems? (Ecological roles)

Answer 9

Food source
Shelter
Nutrient recycling

Question 10

Be able to list different types of autotrophic protists.

Answer 10

Red and brown algae
Euglena
Phytoplankton
dinoflagellates

Question 11

What is an algal bloom and a red tide?

Answer 11

Algal bloom- overgrowth of algae because of nutrient influx…algae dies, dcomposers break down algae and use all of the oxygen… no oxygen=fish die
Red tide- toxins released as dinoflagellates “eat” new nutrient introduced into water

Question 12

In what 3 ways do heterotrophic protists obtain energy?

Answer 12

Collect and digest- amoebas surround food
Absorb from environment
Ciliates sweep food into gullet

Question 13

What is a food vacuole and a gullet? What types of protists use each?

Answer 13

Food vacuole- vacuole created to store food molecules for a short time (amoebas, ciliates)
Gullet- indentation on one side of body that collects food and creates a food vacuole (ciliates)

Question 14

What is a symbiotic relationship? What are the different types of symbiosis?

Answer 14

When 2 organisms live closely together
Mutualistic- both benefit
Parasitic- one benefits, the other is harmed

Question 15

List 1 example of a mutualistic(both organisms benefit) and parasitic relationship protists have with other organisms.

Answer 15

Mutualistic coral reefs and protists, termites and protest

Parasitic- protist and human (malaria) Plasmodium

Question 16

Why are fungi important to the environment? Why are they important to humans?

Answer 16

Decomposers (recycle nutrients),
relationships with plants to help them grow
Food, medicine

Question 17

What characteristics do all (or most) fungi share? Which characteristics are like plants, which are like animals?

Answer 17

Multicellular, eukaryotes, cell walls with chitin (polymer of modified sugars) , heterotrophs
Cell wall like plant
Heterotroph like animals

Question 18

What are some common plant and human diseases caused by fungi?

Answer 18

Plant- corn smut, wheat rust

Human- ring worm, athlete’s foot

Question 19

What are the 4 phyla of fungi?

Answer 19

1. Club- basidiomycota
2. Sac- ascomycota
3. Common Molds- zygomycota
4. Chyrids- chytridomycota

Question 20

How are fungi classified?

Answer 20

By the way they reproduce and DNA

Question 21

What are the main parts of a fungi? And what are their functions?

Answer 21

Fruiting body- part above ground, reproductive structure
Mycelium- made of mass of hypae below ground, thin filaments, absorb nutrients
Hyphae (and what are cross walls)- thin filaments one cell wide, absorb nutrients-
cross walls separate hyphae into “cells” but allow movement of cytoplasm and organelles from one area to another

Question 22

How do fungi reproduce? (Know the +, - mating types)-

Answer 22

asexually- break off or spores and grow on its own

sexually- mating type nuclei go to same cell and create different haploid spores

Question 23

Why do fairy rings form circles?

Answer 23

Because the fungus grows its fruiting bodies at the edge of the mycelium to try and increase the chance of spores reaching an area rich in nutrients to grow

Question 24

Lichens are composed of…… and list what each organism provides in the relationship

Answer 24

Algae or cyanobacteria and a fungus

Provides energy and provides water/minerals

Question 25

Mycorrhizae are composed of........ and list what each organism provides in the relationship

Answer 25

Plants and fungus | Energy water and minerals

Question 26

Vocab words

Answer 26

Fun!

Question 27

Ameboid movement

Answer 27

Movement by changing shape

Question 28

pseudopods

Answer 28

projections of cytoplasm

Question 29

Passive Movement

Answer 29

Using air and water currents to move`

Question 30

Spores

Answer 30

reproductive cells

Question 31

Protists reproduce asexually and sexually. HOw?

Answer 31

Mitosis or Conjugation (not actually reproducing)

Question 32

Paramecium's Micronucleus/ Macronucleus

Answer 32

"Reserve copy" of genes, day-to-day activities

Question 33

Protist reproduction- Alternation of Generations

Answer 33

Sexual life cycle in which they alternate between a diploid and haploid phase (asexual and sexual)

Question 34

Protist reproduction-Sporangium

Answer 34

spore capsule in which haploid spores are produced by meiosis

Question 35

Role of photosynthetic protist

Answer 35

base of the food chain

Question 36

Hyphae

Answer 36

thin filaments of which multicellular fungi are composed

Question 37

crosswalls

Answer 37

Divide hyphae into the cells but still have openings for cytoplasm and organelles to pass through

Question 38

mycellium

Answer 38

composed of many hyphae tangled together in a thick mass

Question 39

fruiting body

Answer 39

reproductive structure of a fungus growing from mycellium

Question 40

groups of protista

Answer 40

Protozoans-animal like heterotrophs Algae-multicellular and unicellular photosynthesizers Fungus-like: external digestion

Question 41

``` examples of protist that use... flagella pseudopods cilia Vector (passive0 ```

Answer 41

flagella-Trichonymphia Pseudopods-amoeba's cilia-Paramecium Passive-Plasmodium (malaria)

Question 42

phyroplankton

Answer 42

surface photosynthetic organisms