According to the Fermentation video, which of these is not the four kinds of cells that can handle the no oxygen environment (i.e. do not have to complete aerobic cellular respiration)?
bacteria, archaea, yeast, muscle cells
According to the Fermentation video, does fermentation produce more or less ATP than aerobic respiration? (and also know why)
Fermentation
makes less ATP
no oxygen
Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of ethanol fermentation? Know the diagram we discussed on chapter seven slide twenty-four.
3 STEPS
1.GLYCOLYSIS HAS TO HAPPEN FIRST
2.PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLATION (TAKES AWAY CARBON AND OXYGEN) TO CREATE ACETALDEHYDE.
- ACETALDEHYDE + NADH——> ETHANOL (ALCOHOL) +NAD(+)
- Why is it bad if an organism keeps on completing ethanol fermentation within a closed container where the ethanol cannot escape as it is created?
YEAST CELLS CAN ONLY HANDLE 12% ETHANOL BEFORE IT KILLS THEM
(ONLY IS THEY ARE IN A CLOSED CONTAINER)
- Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of lactic fermentation? Know the diagram we discussed on chapter seven slide twenty-five.
- Glycolysis: you end up with pyruvate, a 3 carbon molecule.
- Lactate: Then you have to add NADH that was created during NADH. Remove H, add it
to the pyruvate and then Lactate is created. NAD+ will now be available to refill again, in
glycolysis or during aerobic respiration.
➢ Muscle cells in mammals do this when there’s no oxygen.
- Why is it a bad thing if an organism produced too much lactate during the fermentation process within the muscle cells?
EXCESS LACTATE IS BAD. MUSCLES WON’T WORK PROPERLY. SCAR TISSUE BUILDUP. NO FLEXIBILITY
- Glucose is not the only source of energy for our bodies. Which of these macromolecules can also be broken down for energy? (know the information we discussed on the chart on chapter seven slide twenty-seven)
Fat, lipids, sugar
- Which statement describes deamination? (only know the information we discussed in class)
the breakdown of proteins
- Which statement describes β-oxidation? (only know the information we discussed in class)
BETA OXIDATION-
THE BREAKDOWN OF FATS
FATTY ACID GLYCEROL IS BROKEN DOWN USING REDOX REACTIONS AND YOU END UP WITH ACETYL-COA
- The respiration of a six-carbon fatty acid yields __________ (percent) more ATP than the respiration of glucose. Fill in the blank.
20%
- A fatty acid will also weigh ___________ (percent or fraction) less than a glucose molecule of the same size (so it can contain more kilocalories in less space). Fill in the blank.
2/3
- According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, about how long ago did the first organism use the process of photosynthesis?
450 million years ago
- According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, what three physical components (morphological parts) allow vascular plants to complete photosynthesis?
chlorophyll, xylem, stromata
- According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, within a chloroplast, there is a thylakoid which stores chlorophyll. The thylakoids are stacked into _____________, inside the thylakoids is the ______________, and outside the thylakoids (and technically surrounding it) is the _______________. Fill in the blanks.
grana, lumen, stroma
- Photosynthesis cannot occur in which of these organisms?
Photosynthesis can occur in the following: Bacteria (some), Algae + Protists, leaves and stems of plants
- Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-dependent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?
1(need sunlight energy to make atp and NADPH), have chloroplast 2, then can start process
- What is the overall equation of the process of photosynthesis? (i.e. know all reactants and products we discussed)
6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy → Glucose (carbon fixation) + 6H2O + 6O2
- Chloroplasts carry out the photosynthetic process. Know the different parts of the chloroplast we discussed in class (i.e. be able to label the different parts)
outer membrane, stroma, thylakoid, granum, lamella, inner membrane
- Where within a chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
thykaloid
- _______________ are found within thylakoids and are capable of capturing photons which are used as energy during the photosynthetic process. Fill in the blank.
PHOTOSYSTEM
