E: BIO 107 > Bio107-ch14 > Flashcards

Bio107-ch14 Flashcards

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1
Q

five components of REFLEX ARCS

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Integration center
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
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2
Q

Receptor

A

site of stimulus

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3
Q

Sensory neuron

A

transmits AFFERENT impulses to the CNS

located in PNS

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4
Q

Integration center

A

only in the CNS

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5
Q

Motor neuron

A

conducts EFFERENT impulses from the integration system to an effector

goes from CNS to PNS

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6
Q

Effector

A

muscle, gland, organ
responds to efferent impulses

only in PNS

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7
Q

Afferent always has the ______

A

ganglion

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8
Q

Afferent travels

A
  1. ENTER: dorsal root
  2. dorsal root ganglion
  3. posterior horn
  4. LEAVES: anterior horn
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9
Q

Efferent enters in the

A

ventral root

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10
Q

of pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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11
Q

Plexus

A

where multiple spinal nerves integrate together

neck/shoulder, butt regions

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12
Q

Sacral plexus

A

siatic nerve, low back

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13
Q

Autonomin Pre and Postganglionic neuro transmitters and effectors

A

:)

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14
Q

Autonomic Pre and Postganglionic neuro transmitters and effectors

A

:)

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15
Q

Somatic nervous system: (2)

A
  1. Pre and Postganglionic: ACh

2. Effector: skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Sympathetic nervous system: (2)

A
  1. Pre: ACh, Post: NE

2. Effector: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle

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17
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system: (2)

A
  1. Pre and Pst: ACh

2. Effector: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle

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18
Q

Eye: pupil

A

Sympathetic stimulation: dilated

Parasym: constricted

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19
Q

Sweat glands

A

Sym: sweating
Parasym: none

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20
Q

Heart: muscle

A

Sym: increased rate
Parasym: slowed rate

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21
Q

Lungs: bronchi

A

Sym: dilated
Parasym: constricted

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22
Q

Gut: lumen

A

Sym: decreased peristalsis and tone
Parasym: increased peristalsis and tone

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23
Q

Blood vessels: skin

A

Sym: constricted
Parasym: dilated

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24
Q

Piloerector muscles

A

Sym: excited
Parasym: none

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25
Skeletal muscle
Sym: increased glycogenolysis and strength Parasym: none
26
Regions of human brain (4)
1. Cerebrum 2. Diencephalon 3. Brainstem 4. Cerebellum
27
Cerebrum
top outer wormy part
28
Diencephalon (3 parts)
1. thalamus 2. hypothalamus 3. corpeous collosum
29
Brainstem (3 parts)
1. midbraind 2. pons 3. medula oblongotta
30
Directions describing the brain
dorsal and ventral
31
Longitudinal fissure
separates the brain down the middle (top view)
32
Fissure
deep sulcus (indentation)
33
Sulcus
indentation
34
Gyrus
worm like matter
35
Cortex (gray matter)
outside for brain
36
White matter
inside for brain
37
Gray matter
1. location of motor neurons (efferent) 2. unmyelinated 3. forms the CORTEX that covers the surface 4. forms cerebral nuclei
38
Gray matter (4)
1. location of motor neurons (efferent) 2. unmyelinated 3. forms the CORTEX that covers the surface 4. forms cerebral nuclei
39
White matter (2)
1. myelinated | 2. deep
40
Myelinated (2)
1. quicker | 2. has sheath (intact)
41
Unmyelinated (3)
1. slow 2. no myelin sheath/protection 3. no nodes of ranavier
42
Cranial meninges (3)
1. separate soft tissue from bones of cranium 2. contain cerebrospinal fluid 3. 3 main layers
43
Cranial meninge layers (3)
1. dura matter- thickest, outer 2. arachnoid 3. pia mater- thin, around brain and spinal cord
44
Subarachnoid space contains
cerebrospinal fluid
45
Periosteum does what
protects bone (skull)
46
Ventricles of the brain (3)
1. 2 lateral- cerebrum 2. third ventricle- diencephalon 3. fourth ventricle- goes down brainstem
47
Ventricle
hollow cavities within the brain continuous with one another
48
All ventricles contain
cerebrospinal fluid
49
Cerebrospinal fluid (3)
1. produced by epindymal cells 2. formed in choroid plexus of ventricles 3. clear, colorless liquid
50
Functions of CSF (3)
1. buoyancy- brain floats in it 2. protection- liquid cushion 3. environmental stability- transports nutrients, removes waste
51
With out CSF....
the brain sits directly onto 12 cranial nerves (neck), BAD headache, puking, pain, unable to move
52
Blood-brain barrier
strictly regulates what substances are allowed to enter the interstitial fluids of the brain
53
Functional areas of cerebrum (3)
1. Motor areas- skeletal muscle (voluntary) 2. Sensory area- awareness to sensation 3. Association areas- working memory
54
Frontal lobe functions
working memory, Broca's area, complex problem solving
55
Broca's area
putting words together in speech
56
Wernicke's area
comprehending speech
57
Occipital area
vision
58
Diencephalon
emotions, thirst, sex drive
59
Cerebral white matter contains
myelinated fibers and their tracts
60
Concussion
1. alteration of brain function 2. short term 3. ex- blow to the head 4. the more it occurs, the worse they get
61
Subdural/arachnoid hemorrhage
1. bleeding into a cavity | 2. increases pressure and compresses the brain
62
Cerebral edema
1. swelling of the brain | 2. can be fatal
63
Genetic: CVA
1. cerebral vascular attack 2. stroke 3. starts in neck, affects one side of the body
64
TIA
1. transient ischemic attack 2. mini stroke 3. goes away, person affected is NORMAL in a few minutes 4. small blood clot that fixes itself 5. these people put on blood thinners to prevent a full on stroke
65
Alzheimers
1. plaque builds up in brain 2. memory loss 3. medications can help slow it down, but not cure
66
PD
1. parkinson's dx 2. degeneration of dopamine 3. dopamine controls muscles 4. tremors occur, lost function of body parts 5. eventually, lost control of lung muscles and you suffocate and die
E: BIO 107
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