Bio107-ch2

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

pos. charge, in center

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

neg. charge, orbit

Question 3

Neutrons

Answer 3

neutral charge, in center

Question 4

Atomic # is equal to the

Answer 4

of electrons

Question 5

How many electrons does a structure strive for?

Answer 5

8

Question 6

Chemical bonds

Answer 6

hold atoms together to form molecules

Question 7

Chemical bonds (3 types)

Answer 7

1. Covalent bonds 2. Ionic bonds 3. Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Covalent bond (chemical)

Answer 8

SHARES electrons, strongest chemical bond

Question 9

Covalent bonds (3 types)

Answer 9

1. Single- strongest/stable 2. Double- medium strength 3. Triple- weakest bond

Question 10

Ionic bonds (chemical)

Answer 10

TRANSFERS electrons, mid-strength bond

Question 11

Ions are

Answer 11

charged atoms

Question 12

Pos. and neg. atoms are called

Answer 12

Cations (p) and Anions (n)

Question 13

Electrolytes and ____ are one in the same

Answer 13

salts

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds (chemical)

Answer 14

holds water together, weakest bond (in this class)

Question 15

A water molecule is held together by a

Answer 15

covalent bond

Question 16

Bonding 2 water molecules is done using a

Answer 16

hydrogen bond

Question 17

Organic compounds are (4 types)

Answer 17

1. Proteins 2. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic acid

Question 18

Organic means

Answer 18

containing carbon

Question 19

PROTEINS

Answer 19

chains of AMINO ACIDS linked together with peptide bonds

Question 20

Proteins ( 2 types)

Answer 20

1. Structural- collagen 2. Enzymes- speeds up chemical reactions

Question 21

Any word ending in -ase is an

Answer 21

enzyme

Question 22

Anabolic

Answer 22

makes things SIMPLER more COMPLEX

Question 23

Catabolic

Answer 23

makes things COMPLEX more SIMPLER

Question 24

Amphibolic

Answer 24

goes BOTH ways, complex to simple- simple to complex

Question 25

Enzymes are ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE meaning

Answer 25

they have specific needs for temperature, pH, pressure, and change of shape. if one of these things is off, then they stop producing

Question 26

Mechanisms of enzyme action (4)

Answer 26

1. Amino acids connect with an enzyme 2. Energy is absorbed and a bond is formed 3. Water is released 4. The new PEPTIDE BOND breaks away from the enzyme

Question 27

Functional proteins TRANSPORT

Answer 27

hemoglobin in BLOOD and myoglobin in MUSCLES

Question 28

How many amino acids are there in the body?

Answer 28

20

Question 29

CARBOHYDRATES

Answer 29

sugars and their relatives

Question 30

Carbohydrates (3 types)

Answer 30

1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides

Question 31

Monosaccharides

Answer 31

six carbons or less, highly soluble- hohos, white bread

Question 32

Monosac (3 types)

Answer 32

1. Triosecs 2. Pentoses 3. Hexosecs

Question 33

Triosecs

Answer 33

3 carbons- adenose, ketoses

Question 34

Pentoses

Answer 34

5 carbons- ribose, deoxyribose

Question 35

Hexosecs

Answer 35

6 carbons- glucose (source of energy), fructose (sugars from fruit), galactose

Question 36

Disaccharides

Answer 36

12 carbons, moderately soluble- whole grains

Question 37

Disac (3 types)

Answer 37

1. Sucrose (table sugar) 2. Lactose (milk sugar) 3. Maltose (malt sugar)

Question 38

Polysaccharides

Answer 38

18 + carbons, slightly soluble to insoluble

Question 39

Polysac (2 types)

Answer 39

1. Amylose- starch 2. Cellulose- fiber

Question 40

Which organ secretes sugar while you sleep to keep your blood sugar level stable?

Answer 40

liver

Question 41

Glycogen

Answer 41

stores sugar for later use

Question 42

LIPIDS

Answer 42

or triglycerides- fatty acid

Question 43

If all bonds are single (straight line), then

Answer 43

saturated fats- harder to digest, bad

Question 44

The more double bonds (kinks or curvy), the more

Answer 44

UNsaturated fats- easier to digest, not good but not bad

Question 45

Nucleic acids

Answer 45

or nucleotides- building blocks, ATCF&U

Question 46

DNA

Answer 46

deoxyribose nucleic acid

Question 47

RNA

Answer 47

ribose nucleic acid