What does tetravalent mean and which molecule is tetravalent?
Carbon has 4 bonds
What is a monosachharide with 5 carbons called?
A pentose (eg ribosomes, deoxyribose)
What is a monosaccharide with 6 carbons called?
Hexose (eg glucose, fructose)
Learn to draw an alpha glucose
What are some properties of glucose?
-Small and soluble so can be transported in the bloodstream
-chemically stable so a good storage molecule
- high energy yield when oxidized (respiration)
What is hydrolysis?
The addition of eater to break bonds
What is starch a polymer of?
Alpha glucose
Describe the structure of amylose
A spiral like polysaccharide - consists of 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Describe the structure of amylopectin
A feather like structure
Consists of 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Where is glycogen found in animals?
Mainly in the liver and in muscle
What is glycogen used for?
Storage compound
What are glycogens advantages?
-compact, does not alter osmosis potential, highly branched so easily hydrolysed
Where is starch found and what is it used for?
Plants, used as a storage compound
What are the advantages of starch?
Compact, does not alter osmotic potential, easily hydrolysed
What are 3 macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
What are 2 micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals
What type of carbohydrates are soluble in water, sweet to taste and help metabolism
Simple
What type of carbohydrates are insoluble in water, savoury and the end product of anabolic reactions?
Complex carbs
What is the empirical formula for monosaccharides?
(CH²O)n
Where is the hydroxl group on c1 in alpha glucose?
Below the molecule
Isomerism
What are monomers of dna and rna?
Nucleotides
What’s the difference between deoxyribose and ribose
There is only hydrogen on the second carbon atom of deoxyribose and not a hydroxide
-
A1.1 Water As The Medium For Life12
-
A2.1 Origin Of Cells16
-
A2.2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure63
-
A2.2 Prokaryotes9
-
A2.3 Viruses18
-
C1.1 Enzymes And Metabolism20
-
C1.2 Respiration48
-
D1.2 And 1.3 Protein Synthesis And Mutations58
-
Stem Cells7
-
Cell And Organelle Sizes10
-
Biochemistry23
-
Biological Molecules61
-
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport20
