What is the function of proteins?
They provide structure and support, allow for transport across the plasma membrane, speed up reactions (enzymes) and signal cells (hormones)
What is the monomer of a protein
Amino acid
It needs a central carbon and what 4 things that bonds with it?
- Hydrogen Atom
- An Amino group (-NH2)
- An acid/ carboxyl group (-COOH)
- A side chain/ R- group.
How many side chains are distinguished between amino acids?
20
Amino acids can be put together via _________ to form a longer peptide chain.
Via dehydration synthesis
True or False: The peptide bond that forms between amino acids is non-polar.
False, It is polar.
Primary Structure
The linear order of amino acids (1 a.a = 20 combinations. 2 a.a = 400 combinations, al leading to 20x)
Secondary Structure
The result of hydrogen bonds between parts of the polypeptide chain.
Tertiary structure
From interactions between R-groups. Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds are possible.
Quaternary Structure
Are found in some proteins where multiple units come together to make one whole.
How does heat + pH affect a protein’s structure?
A denatured protein will lose shape (irreversible) and therefore lost its function.
What is the role of carbohydrates?
To provide short-term energy
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccarides (simple sugars) (Ch2O) one carbon and water
_________ is the most important monosaccaride. Found as a ring.
Glucose
Different shapes + Same formula are called
Isomers
Stereoisomers
Have the same basic bonding but different orientations
Constitutional isomers
Which has different bonding structures.
Frutose has a 5 member ring instead of 6.
How do you make maltose?
When two monosaccarides react they form a disaccaride via dehydration synthesis. Glucose + Glucose
What are examples of glucose polysaccarides?
Cellulose, starch and glycogen
What is the function of lipids?
They include long-term energy storage which composes of plasma membrane, insulation, cushioning and some hormones.
Fats and lipids are energy + storage molecules. What’s the difference between fats and oils?
Fats: animal origin, solid at room temp., saturated fatty acids.
Oils: plant origin, liquid at room temp., unsaturated fatty acids.
What do fats + oils need to be made?
3 fatty acids bind to glycerol to make triglycerides.
What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
Saturated: have one single bond in the hydrogen chain.
Unsaturated: One double-bond in the chain.
Lipids are __________ so they are _________ .
Non-polar and hydrophobic
