Biological Classification Flashcards by Hammad Bin Tufail

Demerits of Linneaus’s Classification ?

He put together
1. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
2. Unicellular and Multicellular
3. Lichen and Mycoplasma
4. Autotroph and heterotroph

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3rd Kingdom was Given by ?

Ernst Haekel

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Kingdom Protista was the _ kingdom given by _.

3rd , E. haekel

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What was the 3rd Kingdom?

Protista

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4th Kingdom was Given by ?

Copeland

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What was the 4th Kingdom?

Monera

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Kingdom Monera was the _ kingdom given by _.

4th , Copeland

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5th Kingdom was Given by ?

R Whittker

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5th Kingdom was Given when ?

1969

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6th Kingdom Classification was Given by ?

Carl Woese

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Kingdom Fungi was the _ kingdom given by _.

5th , R Whittker

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One or More May be true

What were the criterion used by Whittker?
1. C. Structure & Body Organisation
2. Mode of Nutrition & Phylogenetic RelationShips
3. Cell Wall & Genetic Relationship
4. Morphological Characters

C. Structure & Body Organisation
Mode of Nutrition & Phylogenetic RelationShips

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Match The Following

Chlamydomonas, Chlorella
Mycoplasma, Lichen
Amoeba, Paramoecium
A. Animals –> Protista
B. i–>Plants , ii –> Not separate Organism
C. Plants –> Protista

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On Which Basis was 3 domain system made?

16s rRNA Sequence

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On Which Basis was 3 domain system made?
1. 23s dsDNA Sequence
2. 23s rRNA Sequence
3. 16s dsDNA Sequence
4. 16s rRNA Sequence

16s rRNA Sequence

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On Which Basis was 6 kingdom Classification made?

16s rRNA Sequence

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Which Kingdom Has most extensive Nutritional Diversity?

Monera

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Which Kingdom Has most extensive Member Diversity?

Protista

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How can Archaebacteria Survive extreme conditions?

Pseudo-Murein found in their CW

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Match the Following

Halophiles — A. Low ph Areas
Methanogens — B. Marshy Areas
Thermoacidophiles — C. Salty Areas

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One or More

Eubacteria is Characterised by?
1. Rigid CW
2. Morphological Characteristics
3. Genotypic Characteristics
4. Flagella

1 and 4

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Functionalities of Heterotrophic Eubacteria

N2 Fixation
Curd Making
Antibiotics

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Functionalities of Heterotrophic Eubacteria :
1. N2 Fixation
2. Curd Making
3. Antibiotics
4. NOT / AOT

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Which Bacteria cause diseases like CTCT?
1. Chemosynthetic Eubacteria
2. Photosyntheic Eubacteria
3. HeteroTrophic Eubacteria
4. Archaebacteria
5. NOT / AOT

HeteroTrophic Eubacteria

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Photosynthetic Eubacteria have _. 1. Chlorophyll A 2. Chlorophyll B 3. Chlorophyll C 4. Chlorophyll D

1. Chlorophyll A

Stuructural forms of Photosynthetic Eubacteria Are ? 1. Unicellular 2. Filamentous 3. Colonial 4. NOT/AOT

4. AOT

Stuructural forms(Body Organisation) of Autotrophic Eubacteria Are?

1. Unicellular 2. Filamentous 3. Colonial

Gelatinous Sheath is a feature of ? 1. Autotrophic Bacteria 2. Heretotrophic Bacteria 3. Chemosynthetic Bacteria 4. Photosynthetic Bacteria

1. PhotoAutotrophic Bacteria

Gelatinous Sheath is a feature of ? 1. Cyanobacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Archaebacteria 4. NOT

1. PhotoAutotrophic Bacteria (BGA / Cyanobacteria)

gelatinous Sheath is a Feature of?

BGA / Cyanobacteria

# One or More than one maybe correct Which of the following causes Bloom in Water Bodies? 1. Photosynthetic Bacteria 2. Algae 3. Chemosynthetic Bacteria 4. Heterotrophic Bacteria

Algae and autotrophic bacteria cause Bloom in Nutrient rich waters.

Which two groups of Organism cause Bloom in water?

Algae and autotrophic bacteria cause Bloom in Nutrient rich waters.

Nitrogen Fixation is Done by which structure in Bacteria?

Heterocyst

Function of Heterocyst?

Nitrogen Fixation

two bacteria having Heterocyst are?

Nostoc and Anabaena

how do Chemosynthetic Bacteria Make ATP?

They Oxidise inorganic nutrients to make ATP

Which bacteria helps in Nutrient Cycling? 1. Photosynthetic Bacteria 2. Algae 3. Chemosynthetic Bacteria 4. Heterotrophic Bacteria

3. Chemosynthetic Bacteria

# Match the following reproduction ways in Eubacteria 1. Favourable 2. Unfavourable 3. conjugation A. Fission B. Primitive DNA transfer C. Spores

1. A 2. C 3. B

Which kingdoms's Boundaries are not Well Defined

Protista

How do Protists Reproduce 1. Sexually 2. Asexually

1. Cell Fusion / DNA transfer from Conjugation & zygote Formation 2. Fission (binary + Multiple)

Which Organism show diversity in Morphology and Habitat? 1. Protista 2. Plantae 3. Fungi 4. NOT / AOT

3. Fungi

Which Organism show diversity in Morphology and Habitat?

Fungi

Which Organism show diversity in Morphology?

Fungi

Which Organism show diversity in Habitat?

Fungi

Which organism is an Exception to Multicellularity in Fungi? 1. Puccinia 2. Yeast 3. Mucor 4. Albugo

2. Yeast

Dinoflagellates Appear in Which Color Scheme? 1. Y >G >Br >Bl >R 2. Y >G >Bl >B >R 3. R > B > Bl > G > Y 4. R > Bl > Br > G > Y

2. Y >G >Bl >B >R

Where are Chrysophytes Found? 1. fresh and marine Water 2. Fresh water 3. Marine Water 4. NOT

1. fresh and marine Water

Dinoflagellates Appear in Which Color Scheme?

Y > G > Bl > Br > R

Where are Dinoflagellates found? 1. Fresh Water mainly 2. Marine Water Mainly 3. Humid and Damp Places 4. NOT / AOT

2. Marine Water Mainly

Where are Dinoflagellates Found?

Mainly Marine Waters

Which Organism cause Red Tides? 1. Chrysophytes 2. Dinoflagellates 3. Euglenoids 4. Slime Moulds

2. Dinoflagellates

What harmful Chemical do Red Tides Contain?

Saxitonin

Which type of Dinoflagellate causes Red Tides?

Red Dinoflagellates

Which Dinoflagellate causes Red Tides?

Red Dinoflagellate Gonyaulax

Which Protist has 2 Different Planed Flagella?

Dinoflagellates

Which Dinoflagellate Releases Saxitonins?

Red Dinoflagellate Gonyaulax

Which type of Dinoflagellate Releases Saxitonins?

Red Dinoflagellates

Which Protists has Stiff Cellulosic Plates?

Dinoflagellates

Which Protist has Dual Nutritive Nature?

Euglenoids

Which Types of protist have Chlorophyll A?

Euglenoids ## Footnote Connecting link between plants and animals

Which type of Protist is Autotrophic as well as Heterotrophic?

Euglenoids

In Absence of Sunlight Which type of Protists Hunt smaller Organism?

Euglenoids

Which Protists do not possess CW at any stage of their life?

Euglenoids

Which Protists Don't Possess any CW at any stage of their Life(Except Spore Stage)?

Slime Moulds

A Protein Rich Layer in place of CW is present in?

Euglenoids

Pellicle is present in?

Euglenoids

Which Protists have pigments similar to the ones in Higher Plants?

Euglenoids

Euglenoids have Pigments similar to which organisms?

Higher Plants

Which Protists are the connecting Link B/w Plants and Animals?

Euglenoids

Where are Euglenoids Found?

In Fresh Stagnant Water

Habitat of Euglenoids?

Fresh Stagnant Water

Chrysophytes Habitat

Fresh and Marine Water

Dinoflagellates habitat?

Mostly Marine Water

Which Protist has two varied lengthed Flagella?

Euglenoids

Slime Moulds Habitat?

Decaying Dead Matter

In Which Protists Cell Wall only found in Spore part of their life cycle?

Slime Moulds

Which Protists have Saprotrophic Nutrition?

Slime Moulds

How does Slime moulds reproduce under Favourable Conditions?

they form Plasmodium.

which protists reproduce by Plasmodium under Favourable Conditions?

Slime Moulds

How does Slime moulds reproduce under UnFavourable Conditions?

they form Spores(Highly Resistant) With Spore Wall

which protists reproduce by Spores under UnFavourable Conditions?

Slime Moulds

Spores of Slime Moulds are ---- and have ---- for Protection.

Highly Resistant , Spore Wall

Is cell wall present in Protozoans?

Cell Wall is absent in Protozoans

Which protists are called Ancestors of Animals ?

Protozoans

Which protists live as Parasites or Predators?

Protozoans

How do Protozoans aquire Nutrition?

by their Parasitic or Predatory nature

Habitat of Amoeboid Protozoans?

Fresh , Marine Water and Moist Soil

Marine Form of Which protozoan has Silica Shells?

Amoeboid Protozoans

what type of Nutrition do Amoeboid Protozoans show ?

Parasitic and Predatory nature

Entamoeba is an example of ?

Amoeboid Protozoans

Example of Amoeboid Protozoans is?

Entamoeba

An Parasitic amoeboid protozoan is k/a?

Entamoeba

habitat of Flagellated Protozoans ?

Free living

What nature does Flagellated Protozoans show?

Free living & Parasitic

Trypanosoma is which type of Protozoan?

Flagellated Protozoan

An Example of Flagellated Protozoan is?

Trypanosoma

Trypanosoma causes?

sleeping sickness

Sleeping Sickness causing Organism is a part of which type of protozoan?

Flagellated Protozoan

Which Type of Protozoan is actively moving ? 1. Flagellated 2. Ciliated 3. Amoeboid 4. Sporozoans

2. Ciliated

Which Protozoan has A gullet cavity in which food is directed towards by cilia?

Ciliated Protozoan

Which Protozoan has A gullet cavity in which food is directed towards by cilia?

Ciliated Protozoan

Which Type of Protozoan is actively moving ? 1. Flagellated 2. Ciliated 3. Amoeboid 4. Sporozoans

Ciliated Protozoan

Paramoecium is an Example of which type of Protozoan?

Ciliated Protozoan

An Example of Ciliated Protozoans is?

Paramoecium

An Example of Ciliated Protozoans is? 1. Trypanosoma 2. Entamoeba 3. Paramoecium 4. Plasmodium

4. Paramoecium

Which Protozoans have a Infectious Spore Like Stage in their Life cycle?

Sporozoans

Plasmodium is an example of 1. Flagellated 2. Ciliated 3. Amoeboid 4. Sporozoans

4. Sporozoans

An Example of Sporozoans is? 1. Trypanosoma 2. Entamoeba 3. Paramoecium 4. Plasmodium

4. Plasmodium

An Example of Sporozoans is?

Plasmodium

Plasmodium is an example of ?

Sporozoans

Plasmodium causes?

malaria

Stored food in fungi is (a)Starch (b)Proteins (c)Glycogen And Oil (d)Chitin

(c)Glycogen And Oil

Consider the following regarding the reasons for the fact that now - Cyanobacteria are kept in Monera and not in Plantae: I. They are prokaryotes. II. The cell wall of cyanobacteria has peptidoglycan. III. They can fix atomspheric nitrogen . The correct explanations would be: (1) I and II only (2) I and III only (3) II and III only (4) I, II and III

(4) I, II and III

Consider the following statements regarding characters of Archaebacteria that they share with eukaryotes: i) The cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan. ii) DNA associated with histone. iii) Translation initiated with formylated methionine. iv) RNA polymerase similar to eukaryotic RNA polymerase II v) ATPase similarity vi) Similar DNA replication and repair How many of the above characters Archaebacteria share with eukaryotes? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 ## Footnote Book MArk

A) 3 {Ans} >Cell walls lack peptidoglycans unlike bacteria. Rather the cell wall is made up of pseudopeptidoglycan and glycoproteins. (Correct) >DNA present in Archaea and eukaryotes is associated with histones. (Correct) >The translation is initiated with the methionine in Archaea and eukaryotes. In bacteria it initiates with formal methionine. (Incorrect) >RNA polymerase is not similar in both archaea and eukaryotes. (incorrect) >ATPase is similar in both archaea and eukaryote.(correct) >DNA repair is dissimilar.(incorrect)

Identify a character that is not unique to archaebacteria: (1) Cell wall structure. (2) Cell membrane structure. (3) Flagellin protein structure. (4) Fatty acid synthetase ## Footnote Book mark

(4) Fatty acid synthetase

Which types of Protists are Photosynthetic Autotrophs?

1. Chrysophytes 2. Dinoflagellates 3. Euglenoids

Fungi Reproduce Through - 1. Vegetative Means By 2. Asexually By 3. Sexually By

1. Fragmentation , Fission and Budding 2. Spores( ASCO - Conidia, PHYCO - Zoospores and AplanoSpores , BASIDIO - Absent and DEUTERO - Conidia). 3. Oospores , Ascospores and Basidiospores

Dikaryophase is Present in Which Fungi?

Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes

The Steps of Sexual Cycle in Fungi Are?

1. Plasmogamy 2. Karyogamy 3. Meiosis (In Zygote Resulting in Haploid Spores)

On Which Factors Fungi are Split into 4 Groups?

1. Morphology of Mycelium. 2. Mode of Spore Formation. 3. Fruiting Bodies.

Endogenous Spores Are?

Aplanospore , Ascospore , Zygospore and Zoospore. | A to Z

Exogenous Spores Are?

Basidiosporesa ans Conidia

Mucor Belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes

Albugo Belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes

Rhizopus Belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes

The Bread Mould Belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes(RHIZOPUS)

The Parasitic Fungi Found on Mustard Belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes(ALBUGO)

The Obligate Parasites on Plants AKA Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes

Phycomycetes are : 1. Sac Fungi 2. Fungus Imperfectus 3. Obligate Parasites on Plants 4. Puffballs and Mushrooms

3. Obligate Parasites on Plants

habitat of Obligate Parasites on Plants?

Aquatic , On Decaying Wood in Moist or Damp Places Or As Obligate Parasites on Plants

Which Fungi has Habitat Aquatic , On Decaying Wood in Moist Places?

Phycomycetes

What is The Morphology of Hyphae in Phycomycetes?

Aseptate and Coenocytic

# Yes Or No Is Vegetative Reproduction Common in Fungi?

Yes

In Which Fungi Vegetative Reproduction is Most Common?

Basidiomycetes

Dung Mould belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes (mucor)

late Blight of Potato belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes ( Phytophora Infestans)

Phytophora Infestans Belongs to Which Fungi Group?

Phycomycetes

Asexual Reproduction in Phycomycetes is Done by?

By Zoospores (Motile) and Aplanospores (Non Motile)

Sexual Reproduction in Phycomycetes is Done by?

Iso , AnIso and Oogamous Gametes fuse to Form Zygospore

Asexual Reproduction in Ascomycetes is Done by?

Conidia Produced Exogenously on Special Mycelium Called Conidiospores. Conidia on Germination Produces Mycelium

What is the Function of Conidia in Fungi?

Conidia on Germination Forms Mycelium

Where is Conidia produced in Fungi?

A Special Mycelium C/d Conidiophores

Which Fungi Groups Have Conidia for Asexual Reproduction?

Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes

Which Fungi Group uses Ascospores in Sexual Reproduction?

Ascomycetes

In Which Fungi Group Asexual Reproduction is Absent?

Basidiomycetes

In Which Fungi Group Sexual Reproduction is Absent?

Deuteromycetes

In Basidiospores are Formed By?

fusion of Two somatic cells) in Basidiomycetes

Asexual Reproduction in Ascomycetes is Done by?

Conidia

Sexual Reproduction in Ascomycetes is Done by?

Ascospores (in Ascocarp)

Asexual Reproduction in Basidiomycetes is Done by?

None, Asexual Spores are Absent

Reproduction By Fragmentation is most common in which fungi Group?

Basidiomycetes

Sexual Reproduction in Basidiomycetes is Done by?

Sex Organs Are Absent, So Plasmogamy is done by fusion of Two Somatic/Vegetative Cells of Different Strains or Genotypes.\ The Resulting Structure is Dikaryotic , which gives rise to Basidiocarps and Basidiocarps holds Basidia . Basidia undergoes Karyogamy and Meiosis, Producing 4 basidiospores.

In which Fungi Group Somatic Cells Undergo Plasmygamy to Form Spores?

Basidiomycetes

In Deuteromycetes Vegetative Reproduction is?

Common

In Basidiomycetes Which type of Reproduction is Absent?

Asexual

In Deuteromycetes Which type of Reproduction is Absent?

Sexual

Sexual Reproduction is Absent in Which Fungi?

Deuteromycetes

In Deuteromycetes , The Asexual Reproduction is carried out by?

Conidia

Ascomycetes is Aka ?

Sac Fungi

Saccaromyces is an example of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes

Mushrooms and Puffballs are included in which Fungi Groups?

Basidiomycetes

Morphology of Basidiomycetes are like?

Puffballs and Mushrooms

What are the Contribution of Deuteromycetes in Enviroment?

Main Decomposers , Mineral Recycling

Which Fungi Group is K/a Main Decomposers?

Deuteromycetes

Which Fungi Group is K/a Main Mineral Recyclers?

Deuteromycetes

Aspergillus is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes

Laboratory Weed is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Aspergillus)

Penicillium is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes

Penicillium is Used For ?

Penicillin --> Vaccines

Yeast is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes

The Unicellular Fungi is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Yeast)

Neurospora crassa is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Drosophila of PK)

The Fungi Extensively used in Biochemical and Genetics works is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Neurospora crassa)

The Drosophila of PK is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Neurospora)

Morels and Truffels are A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Edible)

Edible Fungi / Delicacies is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Morels and Truffels)

Claviceps purpura is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Ergot of Rye)

Ergot of Rye is A member of which Fungi Group?

Ascomycetes (Claviceps purpura)

In which fungi Sex organs are Absent but Sexual Reproduction still occurs?

Basidiomycetes

Agaricus is A member of which Fungi Group?

Basidiomycetes

Ustilago is A member of which Fungi Group?

basidiomycetes

Smut Fungi is A member of which Fungi Group?

Basidiomycetes (Ustilago)

Puccinia is A member of which Fungi Group?

Basidiomycetes

Rust Fungi is A member of which Fungi Group?

Basidiomycetes (Puccinia)

Collitotrichum is A member of which Fungi Group?

Deuteromycetes

Alternaria is A member of which Fungi Group?

Deuteromycetes

Trichoderma is A member of which Fungi Group?

Deuteromycetes

What kind of Heterotrophs are some Plants?

1. Insectivorous 2. Parasitic

What are Examples of Insectivorous Plants?

Bladder Wort and Venus Fly Trap

What are Examples of Parasitic Plants?

Cuscuta

Examples of Basidiomycetes? | 3

Agaricus (Mushroom) Ustilago (Smut) Puccinia (Rust)

Examples of Phycomycetes? | 3

R: Rhizopus (Bread mould) A: Albugo (Parasite on Mustard) M: Mucor (Dung Mould) P: Phytophora Infestans

Examples of Ascomycetes? | 6

A: Aspergillus P: Penicillium Y: Yeast M: Morels and Truffels N: Neurospora (Drosophila of Plants) C: Claviceps (Ergot of Rye)

Examples of Deuteromycetes? | 3

C: Colletotrichum A: Alternaria T: Trichoderma De: Deuteromycetes

which organisms are c/d Acellular Organisms?

Viruses , Virioids and Prions

Which Organism form a Inert Crystalline Structure Outside the Host ot Living Cell?

Viruses

Which Organism is Characterized as Nucleic Acid Covered by Protein Coat?

Viruses

What is refered to as Venom or Poisonous Fluid ?

Viruses

When did Dmitri Ivanowsky discover microbes to be agents of Mosaic Disease of Tobacco?

1892

What did Dmitri Discover in 1892?

Discovered Microbes as a causal organism of Tobacco Mosaic Disease

how was it discovered that TMV Microbes were smaller than Bacteria?

The Passed through Bacteria Proof Filters

Who discovered Small Microbes to Be Cause of Mosaic Disease in Tobacco?

Dmitri Ivanowsky (1892)

M. W. Beijerinek Coined which Term?

Virus

What statement was given by Beijerinek?

"Contagium Vivum Fluidum" meaning Infectious Living Fluid.

When did Beijerinek show That the Extract of Infected Plants of Tobacco ?

1898

who coined the Term Virus?

M.W. Beijerinek (1898)

Which Acellular Organisms are Obligate Parasites?

Viruses

What Genetic Material is found in Viruses? 1. DNA 2. RNA 3. Either DNA or RNA 4. DNA + RNA 5. NOT / AOT

3. Either DNA or RNA

What did W. M. Stanley show in 1935?

He showed that Viruses can be crystallised outside of host cell. The Crystals are made up of Proteins.

Generally Viruses that infect plants have which type of Genetic Material?

ssRNA

Generally Viruses that infect Animals have which type of Genetic Material?

ss or ds RNA or ds DNA

Generally Bacteriophages have which type of Genetic Material?

ds DNA

Which Virus has ss DNA?

Phi x 174

What virus has ds-DNA and Infects Plants?

Cauliflower Mosaic Virus

What is the geometric shape of attachment of Proteins in Viruses?

Polyhedral or helical

The Helical Pattern of Attachment is found in which virus?

TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)

The Poly-Hedral Pattern of Attachment is found in which type of virus?

BacterioPhage

What acellular infectious agents are smaller than a Virus?

Viroids and Prions

Viroids were discovered by?

T. O. Diener(1971)

In 1971, Which Infectious Agent was found by Diener?

Viroids

What do Viroids cause?

Potato Spindle Disease

What Nucleic Acids do Viroids have?

Free-RNA

Do Viroids Possess Protein coats?

No, Only Naked RNA

What are Viruses?

Nucleic acid in Protein coat

What are Viroids?

Free RNA

What are Prions?

Abnormally Folded Protein( They can cause other Proteins to Abnormally Fold too)

Prions are Similar in size to Viruses or Viroids?

Viruses

What disease is caused by Prions in Cattle?

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad Cow Disease

What is the analogous variant of Mad Cow Disease in Humans?

Cr. Jacob Disease (CJD)

What is the analogous variant of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Disease in Humans?

Cr. Jacob Disease (CJD)

What do Prions cause in Humans?

Cr. Jacob Disease

The Phycobiont Part of Lichen Provides?

Prepares Food for Fungi(mycobiant part)

The Mycobiant Part of Lichen Provides?

Fungi Provides Shelter and Absorbs Mineral Nutrients and Water for Its Partner.

Do Lichens grow in Polluted Areas?

Which of the following characters served as the criteria for five kingdom system of classification proposed by Whittaker? (a) Cell structure (b) Body organisation and mode of nutrition (c) Reproduction and phylogenetic relationships (d) All of the above

(d) AOT

7 Among the following, which one is the most abundant group of microorganisms? (a) Algae (b) Viruses (c) Protists (d) Bacteria

(d) Bacteria

Some bacteria thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as the absence of oxygen, high salt concentration, high temperature and acidic pH. Identify the type of bacteria. (a) Cyanobacteria (b) Eubacteria (c) Archaebacteria (d) Mycobacteria

The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the NEET 2016 (a) thermoacidophiles (b) methanogens (c) eubacteria (d) halophiles

(b) methanogens

Thermococcus, Methanococcus and Methanobacterium are (a) archaebacteria having eukaryotic histone homologue (b) bacteria with cytoskeleton (c) archaebacteria with negatively supercoiled DNA as eukaryotes, but lack histones (d) bacteria having positively coiled DNA, cytoskeleton, mitochondria

Eubacteria include (a) blue-green algae and bacteria (b) archaebacteria and blue-green algae (c) cyanobacteria and eukaryotes (d) bacteria and eukaryotes

(a) blue-green algae and bacteria

Pigment containing membranous extensions in some cyanobacteria are CBSE-AIPMT 2012 (a) heterocysts (b) basal bodies (c) pneumatophores (d) chromatophores

(d) chromatophores

Specialised cells called heterocysts are present in (a) dinoflagellates (b) chrysophytes (c) archaebacteria (d) cyanobacteria

(d) cyanobacteria

Which of the following is photoautotrophic bacteria? (a) Nostoc (b) Clostridium (c) Salmonella (d) Escherichia coli

(a) Nostoc

Which of the following bacteria play an important role in the recycling of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur? (a) Chemoheterotrophic bacteria (b) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria (c) Parasitic bacteria (d) Saprophytic bacteria

(b) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria

Oxygen is not produced during photosynthesis by - NEET 2018 (a) Cycas (b) Nostoc (c) Green sulphur bacteria (d) Chara

Citrus canker is a (a) viral disease (b) bacterial disease (c) fungal disease (d) protozoan disease

(b) bacterial disease

Silica gel is obtained by (a) red algae (b) diatoms (c) Euglena (d) mycoplasma

(b) diatoms

Which of the following groups of organisms is/are placed under the group–Chrysophyta? (a) Diatoms only (b) Desmids only (c) Diatoms and golden algae (d) Desmids and Paramecium

Diatomaceous earth is used for all except (a) filtration of oils (b) filtration of syrups (c) cleaning agent in metal polishes (d) gobar gas production

(d) gobar gas production

Plant-like nutrition is present in (a) Amoeba (b) Paramecium (c) Euglena (d) Plasmodium

The free-living thalloid body of the slime mould is known as (a) protonema (b) plasmodium (c) fruiting body (d) mycelium

(b) plasmodium

Under favourable conditions slime moulds form (a) protonema (b) plasmodium (c) mycelium (d) fruiting bodies

(b) plasmodium

Ciliates differ from all other protozoans in - NEET 2018 (a) using pseudopodia for capturing prey (b) having a contractile vacuole for removing excess water (c) using flagella for locomotion (d) having two types of nuclei

(d) having two types of nuclei

Protozoans are (a) heterotrophs (b) autotrophs (c) producers (d) saprophytes

(a) heterotrophs

Which of the following group is considered as primitive relatives of animals? (a) Chrysophytes (b) Protozoans (c) Euglenoids (d) Slime moulds

(b) Protozoans

# Most suitable word to fill the blank is Protozoans are divided into ……… groups. (a) three (b) four (c) two (d) eight

(b) four

Which of the following groups belong to protozoans? (a) Amoeboid, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans (b) Diatoms, amoeboid, ciliates, sporozoans (c) Desmids, ciliates, flagellates, amoebiod (d) Dinoflagellates, ciliates, Plasmodium, amoeboid

(a) Amoeboid, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans

Flagellate protozoans are (a) free-living only (b) parasites only (c) either free-living or parasites (d) saprophytes

Which of the following is a flagellated protozoan? (a) Amoeba (b) Entamoeba (c) Plasmodium (d) Trypanosoma

(d) Trypanosoma

Trypanosoma causes (a) sleeping sickness (b) cholera (c) malaria (d) food poisoning

(a) sleeping sickness

Paramecium is an aquatic and actively moving organism due to the presence of (a) pseudopodia (b) false feet (c) thousands of cilia (d) flagella

Which of the following groups always produce an infectious spore-like stage in their life cycle? (a) Amoeboid protozoans (b) Ciliated protozoans (c) Flagellated protozoans (d) Sporozoans

(d) Sporozoans

Plasmodium is a (a) ciliated protozoan (b) sporozoan (c) flagellated protozoan (d) amoeboid protozoan

(b) sporozoan

Which one of the following organisms is scientifically incorrectly named and incorrectly described? (a) Plasmodium falciparum–A protozoan pathogen causing the most serious type of malaria (b) Trypanosoma gambiense–The parasite of sleeping sickness (c) Diatoms–Very good pollution indicators (d) Noctiluca–A chrysophyte, which shows bioluminescence

(d) Noctiluca–A chrysophyte, which shows bioluminescence (Noclituca is an Dinoflagellate)

# True and False Diatoms are Good Indicators of Pollution?

True

The body of a fungus is made up of a number of elongated, tubular filaments called (a) hyphae (b) Woronin bodies (c) mycelium (d) thallus

(a) hyphae

Cell wall of fungi is composed of - JIMPER 2018 (a) chitin (b) pectin (c) cellulose (d) mannans

(a) chitin

Which one of the following is wrong for fungi? NEET 2016 (a) They are eukaryotic (b) All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall (c) They are heterotrophic (d) They are both unicellular and multicellular

(b) All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall

Which of the following is a non-hyphal unicellular fungus? (a) Yeast (b) Puccinia (c) Ustilago (d) Alternaria

(a) Yeast

Which of the following options describe the coenocytic condition in fungus? (a) Uninucleate hypha without septum (b) Multinucleate hypha without septum (c) Multicellular hypha (d) Multiciliate hypha

(b) Multinucleate hypha without septum

Fungi that absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates are called (a) saprophytes (b) parasites (c) obligate parasite (d) lichens

(a) saprophytes

Fungi that absorb nutrients directly from the cytoplasm of living host are called (a) saprophytes (b) parasites (c) symbionts (d) mycorrhiza

(b) parasites

Mycorrhizae are mutualistic and symbiotic associations between (a) fungi and vascular plants (b) fungi and non-vascular plants (c) fungi and roots of higher plants (d) fungi and bryophytes

Mycorrhiza promotes the plant growth by (a) absorbing inorganic ions from soil (b) helping the plant in utilising atmospheric nitrogen (c) protecting the plant from infection (d) serving as plant growth regulator

(a) absorbing inorganic ions from soil

Fungi show vegetative reproduction by all of the following methods except (a) by fragmentation (b) by fission (c) by budding (d) by protonema

(d) by protonema

Fungi show asexual reproduction by all of the following kinds of spores except (a) conidia (b) oospores (c) sporangiospores (d) zoospores

(b) oospores

Fungi show sexual reproduction by all of the following processes except (a) oospores (b) ascospores (c) basidiospores (d) zoospores

(d) zoospores

In fungi, the various types of spores are produced in distinct structures known as (a) fruiting body (b) spore sac (c) peristome (d) pollen sac

(a) fruiting body

In fungi, the fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes is called (a) plasmogamy (b) plasmokinesis (c) karyogamy (d) cytokinesis

(a) plasmogamy

Which of the following is the correct sequence of Class → Mycelium→ Fruiting body observed in the kingdom–Fungi? (a) Phycomycetes → Septate, coenocytic → Not present (b) Ascomycetes → Aseptate and branched → Ascocarp (c) Basidiomycetes → Aseptate and branched → Basidiocarp (d) Deuteromycetes → Septate and branched → Not present

(d) Deuteromycetes → Septate and branched → Not present

In some fungi, two haploid cells result in a diploid cell. In some cases, dikaryon stage occurs in which two nuclei are present within a cell. This phase is known as (a) monokaryophase (b) dikaryophase (c) plasmogamy (d) karyogamy

(b) dikaryophase

Dikaryophase of fungus occurs in (a) Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes (b) Phycomycetes and Ascomycetes (c) Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes (d) Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes

(a) Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes

Fungi are divided into four classes on the basis of (a) morphology of the mycelium (b) mode of spore formation (c) fruiting bodies (d) All of the above

(d) All of the above

Rhizopus is included in the class (a) Ascomycetes (b) Phycomycetes (c) Basidiomycetes (d) Deuteromycetes

(b) Phycomycetes

Which of the following classes consists of coenocytic, multinucleate and aseptate mycelium? (a) Basidiomycetes (b) Ascomycetes (c) Phycomycetes (d) Deuteromycetes

Phycomycetes are most commonly found as (a) obligate parasite (b) obligate saprophyte (c) coprophilous component (d) Both (a) and (b)

(d) Both (a) and (b)

In Phycomycetes, asexual reproduction occurs by (a) zoospores (b) aplanospores (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) conidia

Isogamous means gametes (a) similar in morphology (b) similar in anatomy (c) female gamete is bigger than male gamete (d) male gamete is bigger than female gamete

(a) similar in morphology

Which of the following is a parasitic fungi on mustard? (a) Rhizopus (b) Albugo (c) Agaricus (d) Neurospora

(b) Albugo

All of the following fungi belong to Phycomycetes, except (a) Rhizopus (b) Mucor (c) Albugo (d) Agaricus

(d) Agaricus

The hyphae of Rhizopus are (a) unbranched, aseptate and uninucleate (b) branched, aseptate and multinucleate (c) branched, septate and uninucleate (d) unbranched, septate and coenocytic

(b) branched, aseptate and multinucleate

Ascomycetes are commonly known as (a) toad stool (b) sac fungi (c) imperfect fungi (d) bracket fungi

(b) sac fungi Toadstool and Bracket Fungi --> Basidiomycetes

Yeast and Penicillium are the examples of class (a) Phycomycetes (b) Ascomycetes (c) Deuteromycetes (d) Basidiomycetes

(b) Ascomycetes

Members of Ascomycetes are (a) saprophytic (b) decomposers (c) parasitic or coprophilous (d) All of these

(d) All of these

Claviceps is a member of (a) Ascomycetes (b) Basidiomycetes (c) Zygomycetes (d) Phycomycetes

(a) Ascomycetes

Which of the following fungus is used extensively in biochemical and genetic work? (a) Neurospora (b) Mucor (c) Rhizopus (d) Aspergillus

(a) Neurospora

Identify the edible and delicate Ascomycetes members. (a) Agaricus and Puccinia (b) Morels and truffles (c) Puffball and Agaricus (d) Puffball and mushrooms

(b) Morels and truffles

Which of the following are the commonly known forms of Basidiomycetes? (a) Mushrooms (b) Puffball (c) Bracket fungi (d) All of these

(d) All of these

Where the members of Basidiomycetes occur? (a) Soil (b) Logs (c) Tree stumps and living plant bodies (d) All of the above

(d) All of the above

In Basidiomycetes, the mycelium is (a) branched and aseptate (b) branched and septate (c) unbranched and septate (d) coenocytic

(b) branched and septate

In Basidiomycetes, vegetative reproduction occurs by (a) endospores (b) conidia (c) akinetes (d) fragmentation

(d) fragmentation

Among rust, smut and mushroom, all the three (a) are pathogens (b) are saprobes (c) bear ascocarps (d) bear basidiocarps

(d) bear basidiocarps

All of the following fungi belong to Basidiomycetes, except (a) Agaricus (b) Ustilago (c) Puccinia (d) Alternaria

(d) Alternaria

Which of the following are the common parasites of class–Basidiomycetes? (a) Ustilago and Puccinia (b) Agaricus and Trichoderma (c) Alternaria and Colletotrichum (d) Colletotrichum and Puccinia

(a) Ustilago and Puccinia

In Deuteromycetes, the mycelium is (a) septate and branched (b) septate and unbranched (c) coenocytic (d) multinucleated

(a) septate and branched

The imperfect fungi, which are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling belong to CBSE-AIPMT 2015 (a) Deuteromycetes (b) Basidiomycetes (c) Phycomycetes (d) Ascomycetes

(a) Deuteromycetes

Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as (a) conidia (b) endospores (c) zoospores (d) heterocyst

(a) conidia

Sexual reproduction is present in all fungi classes, except (a) Ascomycetes (b) Phycomycetes (c) Basidiomycetes (d) Deuteromycetes

(d) Deuteromycetes

All the given fungi belong to Deuteromycetes, except (a) Alternaria (b) Colletotrichum (c) Trichoderma (d) Ustilago

(d) Ustilago

Which one of the following matches is correct? CBSE-AIPMT 2015 (a) Phytophthora - Aseptate mycelium - Basidiomycetes (b) Alternaria - Sexual reproduction absent -Deuteromycetes (c) Mucor -Reproduction by conjugation- Ascomycetes (d) Agaricus -Parasitic fungus- Basidiomycetes

(b) Alternaria - Sexual reproduction absent -Deuteromycetes

Select the incorrect match. (a) Morels and truffles — Phycomycetes (b) Mushrooms and puffballs — Basidiomycetes (c) Smut and rust — Basidiomycetes (d) Bread mould — Phycomycetes

(a) Morels and truffles — Phycomycetes

Insectivorous plants are (a) autotrophic (b) partially heterotrophic (c) parasitic (d) pathogenic

(b) partially heterotrophic

Which of the following are the examples of insectivorous plant? (a) Bladderwort (b) Venus flytrap (c) Nepenthes (d) All of these

(d) All of these

Cuscuta is a/an (a) parasite (b) pathogen (c) saprophyte (d) autotroph

(a) parasite

Plants show ............ in their life cycle. (a) only sexual phase (b) only asexual phase (c) alternation of generations (d) None of these

Which of the given options best describes the gametophyte in the alternation of generations of a plant’s life cycle? (a) Generation that produces gametes (b) Generation that produces spores (c) Generation that has xylem and phloem (d) The diploid generation

(a) Generation that produces gametes

Which of these best describe the sporophytic generation in plant’s life cycle? (a) The haploid generation (b) Generation that produces gametes (c) Generation that produces spores (d) Generation that has xylem and phloem

Kingdom–Animalia includes (a) heterotrophic organisms (b) eukaryotic organisms (c) multicellular organisms (d) All of the above

(d) All of the above

The reserve food material of animals is (a) glycogen or animal fat (b) glucose (c) cellulose (d) chitin

(a) glycogen or animal fat

Which of the following is not a feature of kingdom–Animalia? (a) Lack cell wall (b) Holozoic mode of nutrition (c) A definite growth pattern (d) Chlorophyllous

(d) Chlorophyllous

Viruses and viroids are the non-cellular organisms, which are not characterised in the classification of (a) Whittaker (b) Aristotle (c) Linnaeus (d) Watson

(a) Whittaker

Viruses did not find a place in classification since (a) they are not truly living (b) they are non-cellular (c) they are obligate parasite (d) they are pathogenic

(a) they are not truly living

Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kindgom viruses belong to? (a) Monera (b) Protista (c) Fungi (d) None of these

(d) None of these

Which of the following phenomenon proves that viruses are living? (a) They carry metabolic activity (b) They carry anaerobic respiration (c) They multiply in host cells (d) They cause infection

Tobacco mosaic virus is (a) spherical (b) rod-shaped (c) cuboidal (d) oval

(b) rod-shaped

The genetic material of viruses consists of (a) ds or ssDNA only (b) ds or ssRNA only (c) DNA or RNA (Both ds and ss) (d) ssDNA or ssRNA

The protein coat of a virus is known as (a) nucleoid (b) capsid (c) capsomere (d) outer envelope

(b) capsid

The subunit of capsid is called (a) capsomere (b) core (c) nucleoside (d) nucleotide

(a) capsomere

Viruses are also known as (a) nucleoprotein particles (b) virion (c) lipoprotein particles (d) core

(a) nucleoprotein particles

The latest view for the origin of viruses is (a) they have arisen from nucleic acid and proteins found in primitive soup (b) they arose from bacteria as a result of the loss of cell wall, ribosome, etc. (c) they arose from some bacteria, which had developed a nucleus only (d) they are modified plasmids, which are infect the fragments of the nucleic acids of the host

(d) they are modified plasmids, which are infect the fragments of the nucleic acids of the host

The genetic material of rabies virus is (a) double-stranded RNA (b) single-stranded RNA (c) double-stranded DNA (d) single-stranded DNA

(b) single-stranded RNA

The non-living characteristic of viruses is (a) ability to multiply only inside the host (b) ability to cause diseases in the host (c) ability to undergo mutation (d) ability of crystallisation

(d) ability of crystallisation

Which of the following groups of diseases is caused by viruses? (a) Mumps, smallpox, herpes, influenza (b) AIDS, diabetes, herpes, tuberculosis (c) Anthrax, cholera, tetanus, tuberculosis (d) Cholera, tetanus, smallpox, influenza

(a) Mumps, smallpox, herpes, influenza

In plants, mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling, yellowing and vein clearing are the symptoms of (a) viral diseases (b) bacterial diseases (c) protozoan diseases (d) fungal diseases

(a) viral diseases

Which of the following plant viruses has DNA? (a) Tobacco mosaic virus (b) Potato mosaic virus (c) Tomato mosaic virus (d) Cauliflower mosaic virus

(d) Cauliflower mosaic virus

Bacteriophages are (a) bacteria that attack viruses (b) viruses that attack bacteria (c) free-living viruses (d) free-living bacteria

(b) viruses that attack bacteria

A new infectious agent that is smaller than virus is (a) prion (b) viroid (c) bacteria (d) mycoplasma

(b) viroid

Viroids differ from viruses in having NEET 2017 (a) DNA molecules with protein coat (b) DNA molecules without protein coat (c) RNA molecules with protein coat (d) RNA molecules without protein coat

(d) RNA molecules without protein coat

Lichens are mutualistic and symbiotic associations between (a) mycobiont and virus (b) mycobiont and phycobiont (c) mycobiont and root of higher plants (d) mycobiont and mosses

(b) mycobiont and phycobiont

The advantage of fungus in lichen is (a) food (b) anchoring (c) mineral absorption (d) Both (b) and (c)

(d) Both (b) and (c)

The benefit given by algae in lichen is (a) food for fungi (b) shelter (c) mineral absorption (d) protection

(a) food for fungi

Which of the following are most suitable indicators of SO2 pollution in the environment? CBSE-AIPMT 2015 (a) Lichens (b) Conifers (c) Algae (d) Fungi

(a) Lichens

Which of the following would appear as the pioneer organisms on bare rocks? NEET 2016 (a) Liverworts (b) Mosses (c) Green algae (d) Lichens

(d) Lichens

Which of the following has Cleistothecium (Closed) Ascocarp? 1. Peziza 2. Neurospora 3. Penicillium 4. NOT

3. Penicillium

Which of the following has Apothecium (Cup-Like) Ascocarp? 1. Peziza 2. Neurospora 3. Penicillium 4. NOT

1. Peziza

Which of the following has Perithecium (Flask-Like) Ascocarp? 1. Peziza 2. Neurospora 3. Penicillium 4. NOT

2. Neurospora

Interferons ____ resistance towards Attacks by Viruses. 1. Increase 2. Decrease 3. Moderate 4. NOT / AOT

1. Increase

Biolumenescent Dinoflagellate? 1. Gonyaulax 2. Noctiluca 3. Diatoms 4. Plankton

2. Noctiluca

Agaricus is An ___ Fungi? 1. Saprophyte 2. Parasitic 3. Decomposer 4. AOT / NOT

1. Saprophyte

Ustilago is An ___ Fungi? 1. Saprophyte 2. Parasitic 3. Decomposer 4. AOT / NOT

2. Parasitic

Puccinia is An ___ Fungi? 1. Saprophyte 2. Parasitic 3. Decomposer 4. AOT / NOT

2. Parasitic

Basidiomycetes are commonly known as - (1 or More Ans) (a) toad stool (b) sac fungi (c) imperfect fungi (d) bracket fungi

a and d

Which of the following is not a reason why Fungi were separated Plants in the Five-Kingdom Classification? 1. Lack of chlorophyll 2. Heterotrophic Nutrition 3. Presence of Non Cellulosic Cell Wall 4. Absortive Nature of Nutrition

3. Presence of Non Cellulosic Cell Wall

The Reserve Energy Source in Cyanobacteria is? 1. Starch 2. Glycogen 3. Fat 4. Cellulose

2. Glycogen

Which of the Following are involved in Nitrogen Fixation? 1. Lactobacillus 2. Clostridium 3. Aztobacter 4. Salmonella

3. Aztobacter

Slime Mould are also C/d? 1. Fungal Protists 2. Green Protists 3. Algal Protists 4. NOT

1. Fungal Protists

Slime moulds show characteristics of: 1. Fungi and Animals 2. Plants and Animals 3. Bacteria and Algae 4. Algae and Fungi

1. Fungi and Animals

Slime moulds aggrefate under : 1. Wet Conditions 2. Bright Conditions 3. Dry Conditions 4. Dark Conditions

3. Dry Conditions

Reproduction in slime moulds occurs by? 1. Binary Fission 2. Budding 3. Spore formation 4. Conjugation

3. Spore formation

Sporozoans lack? 1. Reproduction 2. Locomotory organs 3. Nucleus 4. NOT

2. Locomotory organs

What is the vector for Trypanosoma? 1. Sand Flies 2. Culex 3. Anopheles 4. Tse Tse Fly

4. Tse Tse Fly

What is the vector for Leishmania? 1. Sand Flies 2. Culex 3. Anopheles 4. Tse Tse Fly

1. Sand Flies

which of the following Bacteria is found to be abundant in nature? 1. heterotrophic bacteria 2. photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria 3. chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria 4. symbiotic bacteria

1. heterotrophic bacteria

Select the correct combination of characteristics for slime moulds : A. Parasitic, spore dispersal by water, plasmodium with walls B. Saprophytic, spore dispersal by air currents, plasmodium without walls C. Parasitic, spore dispersal by air current, plasmodium without walls D. Saprophytic, spore dispersal by water , plasmodium with wall

B. Saprophytic, spore dispersal by air currents, plasmodium without walls

What is Spirogyra commonly K/a?

Silk Pond

What fungi is k/a Drosophila of Plant Kingdom? 1. Alternaria 2. Spirogyra 3. Neurospora 4. Agaricus

3. Neurospora

Which Fungi is K/a Laboratory Weed? 1. Saccharomyces cerevisae 2. Morchella esculenta 3. Aspergillus fumigatus 4. Toadstools

3. Aspergillus fumigatus

What are the Scientific Names of Morels and Truffels?

Morchella and Tuber

Oxygenic Photosynthesis Occurs in? 1. Nostoc 2. Anabaena 3. Cyanobacteria 4. NOT / AOT

4. AOT

What does an ssDNA Virus (Phi x 174) Infect? 1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Protists 4. Bacteria

4. Bacteriophages

Which is a ssDNA virus? 1.Adenovirus 2. Parvovirus 3. Reovirus 4. Retrovirus

2. Parvovirus Others- 1. dsDNA 3. dsRNA 4. ssRNA

Which is a ssDNA Bacteriophage ? 1.Adenovirus 2. Parvovirus 3. Phix174 4. Retrovirus

3. Phix174

Genetic Material of Phi x 174 is? 1. DsDNA 2. SsRNA 3. DsRna 4. SsDNA

4. SsDNA

Prokaryotes used in making curd and antibiotics are? 1. Cyanobateria 2. Chemosynthetic 3. Archaebacteria 4. Heterotrophic Bacteria

4. Heterotrophic Bacteria

Consider the following statements about Deuteromycetes I. Some members are saprophytes or parasites I1. A large number of members are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling III. Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Cercospora and Trichoderma are examples of Deuteromycetes Which of the above are correct? A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III

D. I, II and III

Biological Classification Flashcards

(378 cards)