Biomolecules Flashcards by Hammad Bin Tufail

Which Element is least Abundant In Earth Crust?

Nitrogen

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Which Element is Most Abundant In Earth Crust?

Oxygen

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Which Element is least Abundant In Human Body?

Silicon

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Which Element is Most Abundant In Human Body?

Oxygen

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Which Element is least Abundant In Human Body But Second Most Abundant in Earth Crust?

Silicon - 27.7%

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Which Element is Most Abundant In Earth Crust But Second Most Abundant in Human Body?

Carbon - 18.5%

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To Perform Chemical Analysis Which Chemical is Used on Tissue?

Trichloro-acetic Acid

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What Two Fractions are Made when Trichloro-acetic acid is mixed with tissue sample in chemical analysis?

Acid Soluble
Acid Insoluble

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What is the size range of Macromolecules?

More than 1000 Dalton.

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What is the size range of Micromolecules?

Less than 1000 Dalton.
Or 18-800 Dalton

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In Acid Soluble pool Which two types of Compounds are Found?

Micro molecules
Inorganic Ions

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In Acid Insoluble pool Which types of Compounds are Found?

Macro molecules

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What are the Compounds in Macromolecules?

Proteins
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Nuclei Acids

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What are the Compounds in Micromolecules?

Amino Acids
Monosaccharides
Nucleotides
Fatty Acids and Glyserol
Inorganic Ions

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What are Some Example of Inorganic Ions found in Human Body?

Cations - K , Ca , Na, Mg
Anions - Phosphate , Sulphate , NaCl and CaCO3

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What happens to the Insoluble Acid Pool after Removing From Cotton Cloth?

They are Separated and Purified the Analyzed

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In Ash Analysis, What is First done to Tissue Samples?

They are Dehydrated. (H2O removed)

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In Ash Analysis, After Removing H2O from it What is done to Tissue Samples?

They are Burned in Presence of Oxygen. Made into Ash

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In Ash Analysis, What remains of Tissue Samples after they are burned to create ash?

Inorganic Ions

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What comprises Cytoplasmic Composition in Chemical Analysis?

Soluble Acid Pool

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What comprises Overall Cell Composition in Chemical Analysis?

Acid Soluble pool
Acid Insoluble pool

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What are Primary Metabolites?

Which participates in Metabolism

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What are Secondary Metabolites?

Which do not participates in Metabolism or have left the metabolic process.

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Examples of Primary metabolism?

Glucose, Amino acids, Etc

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Examples of Secondary metabolism?

Cellulose, Curcumin and Caroteinoids

Are Secondary metabolites present in Humans?

Which Organisms possess Secondary metabolites present?

Fungi, Plant and Bacteria

What is the Trick For Secondary Metabolites?

LET PAT DPS

LET PAT DPS - is Mnemonic For?

L - Lectins E - Essential Oils T - Toxins P - Pigments A - Alkaloids T - Terpenoids D - Drugs PS - Polymeric Substances

Which of the Following are Examples of Lectin? 1. Morphine 2. Vinblastin 3. Ricin 4. Concanavalin A

4. Concanavalin A

What are Examples of Lectin?

Concanavalin A

What is Trick for Lectins?

L A C

What is Trick for Toxins?

A R T

What is Trick for Pigments?

P A C

What is Trick for Alkaloids?

M A C

What is the Mnemonic LAC For?

Concanavalin A - Lectins - Secondary Metabolite

What is the Mnemonic ART For?

Abrin & Ricin - Toxin - Secondary Metabolite

What is the Mnemonic PAC For?

Pigments - Anthocyanin & Carotenoids - Secondary Metabolite

What is the Mnemonic MAC For?

Morphine & Codeine - Alkaloids - Secondary Metabolite

What are Examples of Essential Oils ?

Lemon Grass Oil

What are Examples of Toxins?

Abrin and Ricin

What are Examples of Pigments?

Anthocyanin AND Carteinoids

What are Examples of Alkaloids?

Morphine and Codeine

What are Examples of Terpeinoides?

Monoterpenes , Diterpenes

What are Examples of Drugs?

Vinblastin and Curcumin

What are Examples of Polymeric Substances ?

Rubber, Gum and Cellulose

What are the Components in A Cell?

1. Water 2. Protein 3. Nucleic Acids 4. Carbohydrates 5. Lipids 6. Ions

What is the Percentage Composition of Water in Cell? 1. 70% 2. 70-80% 3. 70-90% 4. 70-92%

3. 70-90%

What is the Percentage Composition of Protein in Cell? 1. 7% 2. 7-10% 3. 10-15% 4. 10-25%

3. 10-15%

What is the Percentage Composition of Nucleic Acids in Cell? 1. 5-7% 2. 7-10% 3. 5-10% 4. 2.5-8%

1. 5-7%

What is the Percentage Composition of Carbohydrate in Cell? 1. 5-7% 2. 3% 3. 2% 4. 1%

2. 3%

What is the Percentage Composition of Lipids in Cell? 1. 5-7% 2. 3% 3. 2% 4. 1%

3. 2%

What is the Percentage Composition of Ions in Cell? 1. 5-7% 2. 3% 3. 2% 4. 1%

4. 1%

What functional groups do Alpha Carbons of Amino Acids Have?

-NH3+ group & -COOH group.

Why are Amino Acids called AA?

because of -NH3+ group & -COOH group. Which Give prefix and suffix - Amino (Ammonia) and - Acid (Carboxylic Group)

What is the AA with Simplest Structure K/a?

Glycine

What does Glycine have instead of R-group?

H atom

What does Alanine have instead of R-group?

CH3 Atom

What does Serine have instead of R-group?

CH2OH

What are the Examples of Acidic AA?

Aspartic Acids & Glutamic Acid

What are the Examples of Basic AA?

Arginine, Histidine and Lysine

What are the Examples of Neutral AA?

Glycine, Alanine and Valine

What are the Examples of Aromatic AA?

Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and Tryptophan

What are the Examples of Alcoholic AA?

Serine and Threonine

What are the Examples of Sulphur Containing AA?

Methionine and Cystine

What is an Example of Very Low pH Ion?

Glycine with NH3 + ion

What is an Example of Zwitter ion?

Glycine (-COOH to -COO^-) & NH3+ ION )

What is an Example of Very High pH Ion?

Glycine ( -NH2 GROUP and -COO ION)

On Which side is C-terminal found?

Right

On Which side is N-terminal found?

Left

What is a Peptide Bond?

a type of covalent bond formed between two amino acids during a dehydration (or condensation) reaction

What is a heteropolymer?

Compound Formed by Different AAs

What reaction is done for Peptide Bond? 1. Reduction 2. Oxidation 3. Dehydration 4. AOT

3. Dehydration

What AAs are made in our body? 1. Non-essential 2. Essential 3. Poly-essential 4. AOT / NOT

1. Non-essential

What is the Trick For remembering Essential AAs?

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Any" ?

Arginine (Half Essential)

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Help" ?

Histidine

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "In" ?

Isoleucine

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Learning" ?

Leucine

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "These" ?

Threonine

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Little" ?

Lysine

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Molecules" ?

Methionine

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Proved" ?

Phenylalanine

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Truly" ?

Tryptophan

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proved Truly Valuable - What indicates "Valuable" ?

Valine

What is the Full form of RUBISCO

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

What is the Most Abundant Protein in The Animal World?

Collagen

What is the Most Abundant Protein in The Whole Biosphere?

RUBISCO

What is the Function of GLUT-4 ?

It Enables glucose transport into cells

What are the 4 levels of Protein Structures?

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

What is the Primary Structure of Proteins C/d?

Polypeptide

What is the Bond B/w Two Proteins called?

Peptide Bond

What are the Two Types of Secondary Structure of Proteins?

1. Alpha 2. Beta

What is the Shape of Alpha Secondary Protein Structure ?

Helix

What is the Shape of Beta Secondary Protein Structure ?

Plated Sheets

Which Protein Structure is Biologically Active?

Tertiary

Which Protein Structure is found in haemoglobin ?

Quaternary

What does Quaternary Protein Structure Consist of?

2 alpha and 2 beta secondary Structures

Enzymes are Mostly which Biomolecules?

Proteins

What is an Enzyme But Not Protein?

RNA as It can also act as Ribulose Enzyme

Which Protein Structure is Needed For Enzyme to Perform All Biological Activity?

Tertiary Structure

Is the Functioning of Inorganic Catalysts Similar to Enzymes?

how is the functioning of enzymes and inorganic catalyst different?

Enzymes function in biological systems as highly specific, proteinaceous catalysts that operate efficiently under mild conditions (specific pH and temperature ranges). In contrast, inorganic catalysts are typically simple, low-molecular-weight inorganic compounds or metal ions that catalyze a broad range of non-biological reactions, often requiring harsh conditions like high temperatures and pressures. Enzymes are also subject to denaturation by extreme conditions, whereas inorganic catalysts are not

enzymes and inorganic catalyst which is subject to denaturing?

Enzymes

enzymes and inorganic catalyst which can work in Exterme Temperatures?

Inorganic Catalysts

enzymes and inorganic catalyst which can operate efficiently under mild conditions (specific pH and temperature ranges)?

enzymes

In thermophillic Bacteria the Enzymes work at What temperatures?

Extreme Temperatures

If the Reactants in an Catalytic Reaction have More Energy than The Products, the Reaction is c/d?

Endothermic

If the Reactants in an Catalytic Reaction have Less Energy than The Products, the Reaction is c/d?

Exothermic

When is The Energy of Activation Released In an Enzymatic Reaction ?

When Enzyme and Product Join

What type of Reaction is that when Energy of Activation is Higher than Binding Energy?

Endothermic

What type of Reaction is that when Energy of Activation is Lower than Binding Energy?

Exothermic

What is the Km Constant in Rate Of Reaction - Substrate Concentration Graph?

Michaelis and Menten's Constant

If Km Constant Increases Then The affinity B/w reaction and Substrate is?

Less

If Km Constant Increases then the Reaction is More or Less Efficient?

Less

If Km Constant Decreases Then The affinity B/w reaction and Substrate is?

If Km Constant Decreases then the Reaction is More or Less Efficient?

Where is Michaelis and Menten's Constant located in Rate Of Reaction - Substrate Concentration Graph?

Where The rate of reaction is Half of Maximum and Substrate Concentration is Equal to it.

What are Inhibitors ?

These Reduce Enzyme Activity , If in Greater Concentrations than Substrate.

What is the Inhibitor of Succinate Dehydrogenase?

Maltonate

What is the Substrate of Succinate Dehydrogenase?

Succinate

What is the Enzyme of Inhibitor Maltonate?

Succinate Hydrogenase

What is the Enzyme of Substrate Succinate ?

Succinate Hydrogenase

What is the Structure of Succinate?

COOH - CH2 - CH2 - COOH

What is the Structure of Maltonate ?

COOH - CH2 - COOH

what is it called when the Inhibitor's Structure is similar to the Substrate?

Competitive Inhibitor

What are Competitive Inhibitors used for in Medical Field?

to Control Bacterial Pathogens

The Names of Enzyme are Given as?

1.1.1.2 Class . Sub Class . Sub - Sub Class . Number given to enzymes

What are the Six Main Classes of Enzymes?

1. Oxido-Reductors / Dehydrogenases 2. Transferases 3. Hydrolases 4. Lyases 5. Isomerases 6. Ligases

What are the Functions of Dehydrogenases?

Redox Reactions

What are the Functions of Transferases?

It transfers any groups other than Hydrogen

What are the Functions of Hydrolases?

It catalyzes chemicals in presence of H2O

What are the Functions of Lyases?

It catalyzes chemicals in Absence of H2O

What are the Functions of Isomerases?

Facilitates Intermolecular Arrangements OR It Converts a molecule from One Isomer to Another.

What are the Functions of Ligases?

It Creates Catalyzes formation of New Bonds.

What is the Example of Dehydrogenases?

Alcohol Dehydrogenases

What are the Examples of Transferases?

Hexokinase and PFK-1 (Phospho-fructo-Kinases)

Hydrolases Catalyze Which type of Bonds? Book mark

Ester, Ether, Peptide, Glycosidic, C-C, C-halide and N-P

What are the Examples of Hydrolases ?

Digestive Enzymes (pepsin, trypsin , Amylase) Lysosomal Enzymes (Hydrolytic Enzymes)

What are the Examples of Lyases ?

Aldolase

What are the Functions of Lyases?

They catalyze removal of groups from substrate by processes other than Hydrolysis leaving behind double bonds

Examples of Isomerases?

Phospho-Hexo-Isomerase And Triose Isomerase

What are the Examples of ligases ?

DNA ligase

Ligases Catalyze Which type of Bonds?

C-O, C-S, C-N, P-O, ETC

what is the most abundant biomolecule on earth?

Cellulose

Which of the Following Is a Disaccharide? 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Maltose 4. Galactose

3. Maltose

When does Apoenzyme becomes active?

When Co--factor is added to it

What is the Active Apoenzyme condition called?

Holoenzyme

What is holoenzyme?

Active Apoenzyme condition. Where an proteinaceous enzyme is inactive, but becomes active when non proteinaceous part joins it.

What are the Three types of Co-factor?

1. Prosthetic Group 2. Co-enzyme 3. Inorganic Ions

What are Organic Co Factors?

1. Prosthetic Group 2. Co-enzyme

What are Organic Co Factors?

Metal Ions

What are Some Enzymes requiring Prosthetic Group?

Peroxidase and Catalase (requires Haem)

What are Some Enzymes requiring Co-enzymes?

NAD and NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) - requires Vitamin B3(niacin)

What type of Co factor is Niacin?

Co-enzyme

What type of Co factor is Haem?

Prosthetic Group

What type of Co factor is Vitamin B3?

Co-enzyme

What are Some Enzymes requiring Metal Ions?

Alcohol Dehydrogenase & Carboxy Peptidase

What Type of Co-factor is Zinc?

Metal Ions

Carboxy Peptidase requires which Co-factor and Its group?

Zinc and Metal Ions

Alcohol Dehydrogenase requires which Co-factor and Its group?

Zinc and Metal Ions

Catalase requires which Co-factor and Its group?

Haem and Prosthetic Group

Peroxidase requires which Co-factor and Its group?

Haem and Prosthetic Group

NAD requires which Co-factor and Its group?

Niacin (Vitamin B3) and Co-enzyme

Describe Glucose?

Poly Hydroxy Aldehyde

Describe Fructose?

Poly Hydroxy Ketone

Which Carbon is Chiral Carbon in Glucose?

Which Carbon is Chiral Carbon in Fructose?

Which Carbon has Inverted H - C - OH Placement in Alpha Glucose?

Which Carbon has Inverted H - C - OH Placement in Beta Glucose?

1 and 3

What are Some Examples of Monosaccharides?

1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Ribose 4. Galactose

What Are the Examples of Disaccharides?

1. Maltose 2. Lactose 3. Trehalose 4. Sucrose

What is the Trick For Disaccharides?

MeLTS (Sugars gal jati hai na)

What is Maltose Sugar Made Up of?

Glucose + Glucose

What type of Bond is Found in Maltose?

α, α (1→4) glycosidic bond

What is Lactose Sugar Made Up of?

Glucose + Galactose

What is Trehalose Sugar Made Up of?

Glucose + Glucose

What type of Bond is Found in Trehalose ?

α, α-1,1-glycosidic bond

What is Sucrose Sugar Made Up of?

Glucose + Fructose

What are Some Examples of Oligo Saccharides?

1. 3C - Raffinose 2. 4C - Stachyose

What is Raffinose Made Up of?

Glucose + Fructose + Galactose

What is Stachyose Made Up of?

Glucose + Fructose + 2 Galactose

What are some Examples of Homo polysaccharides?

1. Glycogen 2. Starch 3. Cellulose 4. Dextrose 5. Inulin 6. Chin

What is Glycogen Made Up of?

Alpha D Glucose

What is Starch Made Up of?

Alpha D Glucose

What is Cellulose Made Up of?

Beta D Glucose

What is Chitin Made Up of?

N - Acetyl Glucose Amine

What is Inulin Made Up of?

Fructose

What is Dextrose Made Up of?

Alpha - D Glucose

What is the Shape of Cellulose?

Linear

What is the Shape of Starch ?

Mostly Branched

What are the Parts and Their Distribution Among Starch?

1. Alpha - Amylose : 30% 2. Amylopectin : 70%

What type of Bond is Found in Cellulose ?

α, α 1,4 Glycosidic Bond

What is the Shape of Alpha - Amylose?

Unbranched

What is the Shape of Amylopectin?

Branched

Iodine Test is Positive For Which Homo - Polysaccharide?

Starch

What are Some Examples of Hetero Polysaccharides?

1. Peptidoglycan 2. Hyaluronic Acid

What is Peptidoglycan Made Up of?

N - Acetyl Glucose Amine + N - Acetyl Muramic Acid

What is Hyaluronic Acid Made Up of?

N - Acetyl Glucose Amine + N - Acetyl Glucuronic Acid

In a Hetero Polymer, The Left End is AKA?

Non - Reducing End

In a Hetero Polymer, The Right End is AKA?

Reducing End

What is the type of Bond B/w Unbranched Glucose?

α, α-1,4-glycosidic bond

What is the type of Bond B/w Branched Glucose?

α, α-1,6-glycosidic bond

tollens reagent and fehling's solution Identify?

Reducing End of Hetero Polysaccharide Chain As it Possesses Free Aldehyde Group

Benedict's Test Is Used to Identify? 1. Proteins 2. Lipids 3. Reducing Sugars 4. Non-Reducing Sugars 5. Secondary Metabolites

3. Reducing Sugars

Which is a Homopolymer? 1. Proteins 2. RNA 3. DNA 4. Glycogen

4. Glycogen

Identify The Correct Statements: (One or More) 1. Primary Metabolites are Universal 2. Secondary Metabolites are Species-specific 3. Elemental Analysis gives Molecular Formula 4. Compound Analysis gives actual structure

AOT

Match the Following: 1. Sucrose --- A. Reducing Sugar 2. Compound Analysis --- B. Non-Reducing Sugar 3. Maltose --- C. Empirical Formula 4. Elemental Analysis --- D. Shape and Structure

1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C

A: Glycogen is c/d Animal Starch R: Its Structure is Similar to Amylopectin , But More Branched. 1. A and R true, R is Correct for A 2. A and R true, R is Not Correct for A 3. A true, R false 4. R true, A false

1. A and R true, R is Correct for A

A: Monosaccharides are Sweet and Soluble in Water R: They have small molecular weight and Polar hydroxyl Groups 1. A and R true, R is Correct for A 2. A and R true, R is Not Correct for A 3. A true, R false 4. R true, A false

1. A and R true, R is Correct for A

Which of the Following Test will Best Identify Proteins? 1. Benedict's Test 2. Biuret's Test 3. Iodine Test 4. Sudan III Test

2. Biuret's Test

Which of the following explains why lipids are considered macromolecules but not polymers? (a) They are formed by condensation of identical monomers (b)They are hydrophilic in nature (c) They are high molecular weight but not repeating units (d) They have peptide bonds

(b)They are hydrophilic in nature

A compound shows C. H. N. O in elemental analysis, has peptide bonds, gives positive Biuret test It is (a) Protein (b) Nucleic acid (c) Lipid (d) Polysaccharide

(a) Protein

Lipids are found in the Macromolecular Pool or Micromolecular Pool?

Macromolecular Pool

Why do lipids not mix with Filtrate?

Because The Filtrate is Polar in Nature and Lipids are Non-Polar in Nature And Do Not Mix with Water

Fatty Acids are Made Up of ?

A fat/long Hydrocarbon Chain With a -COOH group

What is Name of the 16 Carbon Fatty Acid?

Palmitic Acid

What is Name of the 20 Carbon Fatty Acid?

Arachidonic Acid

What is the Example of a Saturated Fatty Acid?

Palmitic Acid

What is the Example of a Unsaturated Fatty Acid?

Arachidonic Acid

What are the Features of Saturated Fatty Acids?

Less Bonds --> More Compactability, More Solidity and More Melting Point

What are the Features of Unsaturated Fatty Acids?

More Bonds --> Less Compactability, Less Solidity (Liquid) and Less Melting Point

What are Lipids Made Up of?

Fats - Fatty Acids + Glycerol

What is the Chemical name of Glycerol?

Tri Hydroxy Propane

Which Functional Groups Detach when Glycerol and Fatty Acids Join?

-OH and -COOH Groups

What is an Ester Bond B/w?

-OH and -COOH groups

What are the Three Types of Lipids?

1. Simple 2. Conjugated 3. Derived

What are Some Examples of Simple Lipids?

Fats, Oils

What are Some Examples of Simple Lipids?

Lecithin (Found in Alveoli)

What are Conjugated Lipids?

In which Additional Groups are Seen, Like Phosphate,etc

What are the Derived Lipids?

molecules resulting from the partial hydrolysis (breaking down with water) of simple and compound lipids Modified Lipids

What Lipid is commonly derived to Form Many Derived Lipids?

Sterols

Example of a Phospholipid?

Lecithin

How many carbons are In Sterols?

17C

How many carbons are In Cholesterols?

27C

What is the Mnemonic for Neutral AAs?

GALIV

What AAs does GALIV stand For?

Glysine, Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine

Describe the Structure of Sterol?

3 Hexagons and 1 Pentagon

Nucleic Acids are Polymers of Which Substance?

Nucleotides

What is a Nucleotide Made Up of?

Nitrogen Base Pairs + Pentose Sugar + Phosphate / Phosphoric Acid

What are Heterocyclic Compounds?

Compounds having Elements Other than C, H and O

What is a Nucleoside Made Up of?

Nitrogen Base Pair + Pentose Sugar

What are the Groups added in Nucleotides to Make them into Nucleic Acids?

Phosphate or Phosphoric Acid

What are the Examples of Nitrogen Bases?

Purine and Pyrimidine

Describe the Structure of Purine?

A Hexagonal C-Chain merged with a Pentagonal C-Chain. And Nitrogen is present at 1,3,7,9.

Describe the Structure of Pyrimidine?

A Hexagonal C-Chain. and Nitrogen is Present at 1,3.

Where is the Location of the 1 In Purine?

West - Most in hexagonal Chain

Where is the Location of the 1 In Pyrimidine?

Lower Most in hexagonal Chain

What is the Direction from 1 to 3 in Hexagonal Chain of Purine ?

Anti - Clock wise

What is the Direction from 1 to 3 in Pyrimidine?

Clock wise

What is the Direction from 6 to 7 in Hexagonal Chain of Purine ?

Clock wise

What are the Examples of Purine?

Adenine and Guanine

What are the Examples of Pyrimidine?

Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil

What are the Nitrogen Pairs Present in DNA?

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine

What are the Nitrogen Pairs Present in RNA?

Adenine, Guanine, Uracil and Cytosine

At what Position, Purine bonds with Sugars?

At what Position, Purine has NH?

What are the Positions of Hydrogen in Pyrimidine?

2, 4 and 5

What are the Positions of Oxygens in Pyrimidine?

2 and 4

What is the Position of Double Bonding in Uracil?

Oxygen - 2 and 4 B/w 5 and 6

N' as Designated Position in a molecule serves for which Group?

Sugars

What is the Example of Pentose Sugars?

Ribose

What is the Example of Hexose Sugars?

Glucose

At what Position is the Oxygen removed from the Hydrogen in the Pentose Sugars?

What are the Prefix when a Phosphate is joined with a Nucleoside?

- Ate

What are the Prefix when a Phosphoric Acid is joined with a Nucleoside?

- Ic Acid

The Bond B/w Nucleoside and Phosphate is K/a?

N - Glycosidic Bond

What Prefixes are Used for a Nucleoside?

-nosine for Purines and -dine for Pyrimidines

What are Pyrimidines based Nucleosides?

Cytodine Thymidine Uridine

What are Purines based Nucleosides?

Adenosine and Guanosine

What are Pyrimidines based Nucleotides?

Cytidylic Acid Thymidylic Acid Uridylic Acid

What are Purines based Nucleotides?

Adenylic Acid and Guanylic Acid

What is the Phosphate Bonds joining to 1 compound called?

Phospho ester Bond

What are the Phosphate Bonds joining 2 compounds called?

Phospho diester Bond

Example of Phosphodiester Bond?

DNA , Nuclease

What forms the Backbone Structure in DNA?

Phosphate and Sugar

Match column I with II: I.Sucrose --- (p) Non-reducing sugar II. Maltose (q) Reducing sugar III. Cellulose (r) β-glucose polymer IV.Glycogen (s) Storage in animals (a) I-p, II-q, III-r, IV-s (b) I-q, II-p, III-r, IV-s (c) I-s, II-q, III-p, IV-r (d) I-p, II-s, III-q, IV-r

(a) I-p, II-q, III-r, IV-s

A:Monosaccharides are sweet and soluble in water. R:They have small molecular weight and polar hydroxyl groups. (a)Both A & R true, R correct explanation (b)Both true, R not correct explanation (c)A true, R false (d)Both false

(a)Both A & R true, R correct explanation

Biomolecules Flashcards

(279 cards)