Birthmarks

Question 1

Birthmarks are congenital or early-onset cutaneous lesions resulting from localised overgrowth of…

Answer 1

Blood vessels
Melanocytes
keratinocytes
Fibroblasts
Fat
Smooth muscle

Question 2

What is a strawberry nevus also called?

Answer 2

Infantile haemangioma

Question 3

True or false: infantile haemangioma is the most common tumour of infancy

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the typical course of an infantile haemangioma?

Answer 4

Appears between 1-4 weeks of age. Rapidly grows until around 12 months and then slowly regresses over years.

Question 5

What is a nevus flammeus also called?

Answer 5

Port-Wine stain

Question 6

What is a port-wine stain?

Answer 6

Capillary malformation causing a flat pink/red/purple patch often on one side of face. Gets darker and thicker with age.

Question 7

how is port-wine stain managed?

Answer 7

Can have pulsed-dye laser

Question 8

A congenital melanocytic nevus is a brown/black patch which may be hairy but what risk do they carry?

Answer 8

Increased risk of malignant melanoma (especially if giant)

Question 9

What are light-brown macules with smooth borders called?

Answer 9

Cafe-au-lait macules

Question 10

What are 6+ cafe-au-lait macules suggestive of?

Answer 10

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Question 11

What is neurofibromatosis?

Answer 11

Genetic conditions whereby non-cancerous tumours grow in the nervous system, often involving skin or surrounding bone.

Question 12

What is dermal melanocytosis?

Answer 12

Blue-grey patches often over sacrum
Common in Asian/African descent
Fade by early childhood
important to note an distinguish from bruising (safeguarding)

Question 13

True or false: a port-wine stain regresses

Answer 13

False
Permanent and grows with child

Question 14

What can be given for proliferating hemangiomas?

Answer 14

Propranolol (narrow blood vessels to reduce colour and make softer)