3a Paeds > Infectious Rashes > Flashcards

Infectious Rashes Flashcards

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1
Q

How does a meningococcal rash present?

A

Non-blanching purpuric or petechial rash

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2
Q

Other than a rash, what are symptoms of meningococcal disease?

A

Pyrexia
Malaise
Meningitis

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3
Q

How is meningococcal disease managed?

A

Immediate admission
Resuscitation
Broad-spec antibiotics

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4
Q

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, acute and potentially fatal skin reaction that causes s____-___ s_____ d________ and mucosal loss

A

sheet-like skin detachment
Mucosal loss

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5
Q

What are causes of SJS?

A

Drugs
Chemicals (burns)
Infections
Systemic illnesses

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6
Q

How does Stevens-Johnson syndrome present?

A

Widespread blisters/bullae over erythematous/ macular/ haemorrhagic skin.

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7
Q

Where do the blisters start in Steven-Johnsons syndrome?

A

Start on face and spread

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8
Q

Other than the rash, what are symptoms of Stevens-Johnsons syndrome?

A

Fever
Arthralgia
Myalgia
Conjunctivitis
Pneumonitis

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9
Q

How is Steven-Johnsons syndrome treated?

A

Supportive (hydration, maintain airway)
Remove causative agent
Dermatology and critical care input

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10
Q

What is the more severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome called?

A

TEN - Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
(involves more than 30% of skin surface and extensive damage to mucous membranes)

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11
Q

What are causes of impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcal skin infection

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12
Q

What does impetigo look like?

A

Erythematous macules (may become vesicular or bullous) on face, neck or hands.

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13
Q

How is impetigo managed?

A

Topical (fusidic acid or mupirocin) or systemic (flucloxacillin, clarithromycin)

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14
Q

Kawasaki disease is an a___ s______ v______ that affects young children primarily

A

acute systemic vasculitis

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15
Q

What are symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

A

Fever for over 5 days
Conjunctivitis
Polymorphous exanthem (widespread rash)
Fissuring of lips
Strawberry tongue
Diffuse erythema of oral / pharyngeal mucosa
Periungual desquamation of fingers and toes
Erythema of palms and soles

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16
Q

What investigations are needed for suspected Kawasaki disease?

A

Echo
ESR and CRP
Apha-1 antitrypsin

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17
Q

How is Kawasaki disease managed?

A

High dose IV immunoglobulin
Aspirin

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18
Q

What is the disease giving blistering skin caused by exfoliate staphylococcal toxin?

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

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19
Q

Describe the rash in scalded skin syndrome

A

Blistering initially, then desquamation affecting flexural areas, buttocks, hands or feet

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20
Q

What are associated symptoms (other than blistering) in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Fever, irritability, diffuse blanching erythema around mouth
Positive Nikolsky’s sign (epidermal layer easily sloughs off when pressure applied)

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21
Q

How is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome managed?

A

Hospital admission
Supportive care
Analgesia
IV antibiotics (flucloxacillin)

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22
Q

What is the complication of atopic eczema being infected by HSV (and what type of HSV)?

A

Eczema herpeticum
HSV type 1

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23
Q

What is the typical presentation of primary infection in eczema herpeticum?

A

Pre-school children
sore throat, pyrexia, stomatitis, vesicles of ulceration in the oral cavity and face

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24
Q

What is the typical presentation of secondary infection in eczema herpeticum (occurs when a secondary micro-organism infects, typically staph aureus)?

A

Cluster of itchy and painful blisters on the face and neck. New blisters have umbilication. Old blisters crust and form sores.

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25
How is eczema herpeticum managed?
Oral acyclovir Systemic antibiotics if secondary bacterial infection
26
How does erythema nodosum appear?
Red or violet subcutaneous nodules located pretibially
27
What can cause erythema nodosum?
Streptococcal pharyngitis Idiopathic Sarcoidosis Primary TB IBD Drug reactions
28
How is erythema nodosum managed?
Usually self-limiting Treat underlying cause
29
Erythema multiforme is a type _ hypersensitivity reaction that present with a skin rash
IV
30
What causes an erythema multiforme rash?
Typically an infection (HSV) Mycoplasma pneumonia Medications Autoimmune disease Sarcoidosis
31
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory conditions that causes inflamed cell clusters called ______ to form in organs, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes.
granulomas
32
How does erythema multiforme appear?
Target-like lesions on the skin Progress to erosions of bullae which can involve oral, genital or mucosal areas.
33
How is erythema multiforme managed?
Usually self-limiting Acyclovir used to treat HSV infections Oral antihistamines and corticosteroids if pruritic.
34
Measles is an infectious disease caused by a m________ of the paramyxovirus family
morbillivirus
35
How does a measles rash appear?
Maculopapular rash that lasts 6-8 days
36
What are associated symptoms of measles?
Fever Coryza Cough Non-purulent conjunctivitis Koplik spots
37
What is the treatment for measles?
Supportive Can give antibiotics to prevent secondary infection
38
When is the MMR vaccine given?
12 months and 18 months
39
What causes glandular fever?
Epstein-Barr virus
40
What is another name for glandular fever?
Infectious mononucleosis
41
What are associated symptoms of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)?
Fever Fatigue Sore throat Lympadenopathy
42
What can cause a maculopapular rash whist infected with EBV?
Taking penicillin
43
Hand, foot and mouth disease is an acute viral infection caused by enteroviruses, commonly c__________
coxsackieviruses
44
What are the 2 main causes of hand foot and mouth disease?
Coxsackievirus A16 Enterovirus A71
45
How does hand foot and mouth disease appear?
Oral vesicles which rupture to form ulcers on tongue and buccal mucosa. Macular/ maculopapular / vesicular exanthema on hands, feet, buttocks, legs, arms.
46
What is management of hand, foot and mouth disease?
Supportive If complications present then may need admitting.
47
What is erythema infectiosum also called?
Fifth diseae Slapped cheek syndrome
48
What infection causes erythema infectiosum?
Parvovirus B19
49
What are symptoms of erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek syndrome)?
Begins with fever, coryza, headache, nausea and vomiting
50
How does the rash appear in erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek syndrome)?
Malar rash with circumoral pallor Lace-like rash on trunk and extremities follows.
51
What is the treatment for erythema infectiosum?
Supportive Virus is self-limiting
52
What causes chickenpox?
Varicella zoster virus
53
How does chickenpox appear?
Starts on head and trunk, then spreads. Red macules become papules, become pustules leads to crusting.
54
What are associated symptoms of chickenpox?
Headache Anorexia URTI Fever Itching
55
How is chickenpox treated?
Antihistamines Paracetamol Acyclovir VZIG (varicella zoster immunoglobulin) for prophylaxis for contact at-risk individuals
56
What is nappy rash?
Irritant contact dermatitis in the nappy area Can have secondary infection with Candida albicans or bacteria
57
How does nappy rash appear?
Beefy red plaques, satellite papules, superficial pustules
58
How is nappy rash treated?
Frequent application of emollients Topical antifungal agents (eg nystatin, clotrimazole or ketoconazole)
59
How does scabies appear?
Small, erythematous papule with haemorrhagic crusts on fingers, elbows, axillary folds, thighs, genitalia and feet.
60
Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by...
a parasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei
61
How is scabies treated?
Hygiene advice Topical permethrin Oral ivermectin
62
What is tinea corporis also known as?
Ringworm
63
What is tinea corporis?
A dermatophyte (fungal) infection o fthe body
64
How does tinea corporis appear?
Pruritic, circular, erythematous scaly patch spreading centrifugally. Central clearing is seen.
65
How is tinea corporis (ringworm) treated?
Topical antifungals
66
What is tinea capitis?
Fungal infection of the scalp
67
How does tinea capitis appear?
Well-demarcated scaly lesion, grey patch, black dot and favus (honeycombing)
68
How is tinea capitis treated?
Systemic treatment with oral griseofulvin
69
What is the cause of molluscum contagiosum?
Poxvirus
70
How does molluscum contagiosum appear?
Flesh-coloured, dome-shaped papules on skin. Usually painless and sometimes pruritic.
71
How is molluscum contagiosum treated?
Self-resolving after approx 18 months
3a Paeds
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