Describe primary haemostasis?
- platelet formation
Describe secondary haemostasis?
- fibrin clot formation
What are the 4 processes of normal bleeding
- primary haemostasis
- secondary haemostasis
- fibrinolysis
- anticoagulant defences
Vascular reasons for a failure of platelet plug formation
- collagen defect
- hence-schonlein purpura
platelet defects that can cause failure of platelet formation
- reduced number
- reduced function
- marrow problems
- increased destruction
- defects
What may give rise to a pancytopenia?
- marrow failure
Increased destruction of platelets may be due to what?
- coagulopathy
- autoimmune
- hypersplenism
Explain hereditary von willerbrand factor deficiency?
- reduced von willerband expression
- bleeding tendency
- autosomal dominant
Secondary haemostasis failure can either be due to ___ or ___
- multiple clotting deficiencies
- single clotting deficiency
Vitamin K is responsible for what clotting factor formation
- factor II, VII, IX, X
What are the clotting results in multiple clotting factor deficiencies?
- increased PT
- Increased APTT
Single clotting deficiency may be due to what?
- haemophilia
What are causes of vitamin K deficiency?
- poor dietary intake
- malabsorption
- obstructive jaundice
- vitamin K antagonists (warfarin)
- haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
What causes disseminated Intravascular coagulation
- excessive and inappropriate activation of the haemostatic system
- clotting factor consumption
blood results in disseminated intravascular coagulaiton
- raised d dimers
causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation
- sepsis
- obstetric emergencies
- malignancy
- hypovolaemic shocck
Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation
- treat underlying cause
- replacement therapy of platelet, plasma and fibrinogen
What is haemophilia
- hereditary single disorders
- x linked
what is the most common type of haemophilia?
- haemophilia A
Haemophilia A is due to what deficiency?
- factor VIII
Haemophilia B Is due to what deficiency
- Factor IX deficiency
What are the blood results in haemophilia?
- isolated elevated APTT
Clinical features of haemophilia?
- recurrent haemarthrosis
- recurrent soft tissue bleeds
Management of haemophilia?
- clotting factor replacement
