1
Q
Define shock
A
- syndrome in which tissue perfusion is inadequate for the tissues metabolic requirements
2
Q
What are the 3 requirements for tissue perfusion?
A
- cardiac function
- capacity of vascular bed
- circulating blood volume
3
Q
What are some perfusion markers?
A
- blood pressure
- consciousness
- urine output
- lactate
4
Q
What is the perfusion equation?
A
DO2 = CO X [(1.34 X Hb X SaO2) + (PaO2 X 0.003)]
5
Q
4 Main types of shock
A
- hypovolaemic
- cardiogenic
- distributive
- obstructive
6
Q
sympatho-adrenal response to shock?
A
- baroreceptors
- renin
7
Q
neuroendocrine response to shock
A
- anti-durietic
- ACTH and cortisol
- glucagon
8
Q
Loss of vascular reactivity is seen in shock, what is it caused by?
A
- nitric oxide
9
Q
clinical features of shock?
A
- hypotension
- signs of mi
- raised jvp
- pyrexia
- low pulse
- reduced urine ouptut
10
Q
Management of shock?
A
- ABCDE
- Treat underlying cause
- resuscitation
11
Q
What are the 4 stages of resuscitation
A
- salvage
- optimization
- stabilization
- de-esccalation
12
Q
what is fluid challenge
A
- rapid administration of fluid with assessment of response
13
Q
rate of fluid resuscitation typically?
A
- 300-500ml over 10-20mins
14
Q
3 types of fluids used in resuscitation
A
- crystalloids
- colloids
- blood
15
Q
pharmacological management of shock?
A
- adrenaline
- noradrenalinee
- vasopressin
- dopamine
