Blood Pressure

Question 1

Blood Pressure

Answer 1

hydrostatic pressure exerted by blood
BP= Systolic pressure/
diastolic pressure

Question 2

Systolic Pressure

Answer 2

maximum pressure in artery during ventricular systole

maximum pressure in arteries when ventricles contract

Question 3

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 3

minimum pressure in artery during ventricular systole

minimum/lowest pressure in arteries when ventricles relax

Question 4

Pulse Pressure

Answer 4

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

ex: 120-80= 40mmHg

Question 5

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 5

average pressure in artery

(average pressure in arterial system

Question 6

Blood Pressures drop along the vascular system:

Answer 6

1. Arterial System:
   - highest pressure (120–>35mmHg)
2. Capillaries (35–>16mmHg)
3. Venous System (16–> 0mmHg)

Question 7

Normal range of Blood Pressure

Answer 7

BP= 120/80 (120 over 80)

Question 8

Blood Pressure starts at:

Answer 8

starts at elastic arteries–>muscular arteries–> arterioles
-this is the arterial system (highest pressure system)
(120–>35mmHg)

Question 9

Pressure across Arterial System:

Answer 9

120–>35mmHg

Question 10

Pressure across Capillaries:

Answer 10

35–>16mmHg

Question 11

Pressure across Venous System:

Answer 11

16–>0mmHg

Question 12

Venous return of blood is aided by:

Answer 12

1. Valves in veins (prevent backflow)
2. Muscular Pump
3. Respiratory Pump

Question 13

Regulation of Blood Pressure (BP): Neural Regulation

Answer 13

-short-term regulation
neural regulation by cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata:
A. Increase BP:
-Sympathetic increases Heart Rate (HR) + contractility
-Sympathetic causes vasoconstriction

B. Decrease BP:

• Parasympathetic decreases HR; which lowers BP
• Sympathetic causes vasodilation

(only the sympathetic division controls blood vessel diameter)

Question 14

Cardiovascular centers located in

Answer 14

Medulla Oblongata

Question 15

Neural regulation of BP by negative feedback mechanisms; sensors

Answer 15

1. Baroreceptors- pressure sensors located in aortic arch and carotid arteries
2. Chemoreceptors- chemical sensors (blood pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide) located in aortic arch and carotid arteries
   - decrease O2 (extremely low O2) will trigger a chemoreceptor response
   - decrease pH, increase CO2 (more CO2, the lower the pH)

Question 16

Baroreceptors

Answer 16

pressure sensors located in aortic arch and carotid arteries

Question 17

Chemoreceptors

Answer 17

chemical sensors (blood pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide) located in aortic arch and carotid arteries

• decrease O2 (extremely low O2) will trigger a chemoreceptor response
• decrease pH, increase CO2 (more CO2, the lower the pH)

Question 18

Hormonal Regulation of BP:

Answer 18

-Short-term regulation
Hormones that raise BP:
1. Angiotensin II (2)
2. Epinephrine
3. Norepinephrine
4. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Hormones that lowers BP:
1. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 19

Regulation by Kidneys

Answer 19

-long-term regulation
-kidneys adjusting blood volume
A. Increases BP(blood pressure):
-increase blood volume

B. Decrease BP(blood pressure):
-decrease blood volume