Bones

Question 1

What is osteology?

Answer 1

Study of bones

Question 2

Briefly describe the bones of the body. [Bone facts]

Answer 2

• Bone is the hardest structure of the body with the exception of the teeth
• It is composed of fibrous connective tissue firmly bound together
• The physical formation of the body is composed of different shaped bones united by both moveable and immoveable bones

Question 3

List the functions of the bones [general]

Answer 3

• To give shape and strength to the body
• Maintain growth
• To support and protect vital organs
• Main storage of phosphorous and calcium, magnesium and sodium
• Produce white and red blood cells
• in most areas, they maintain muscles in position
• Produce movement because of muscle attachment

-Acid base balance. Bone tissue buffers the blood against excessive pH changes by absorbing or releasing alkaline salts


Question 4

Describe cartilage

Answer 4

• It is dense connective tissue abundant in collagen and elastic fibres
• It is very elastic and flexible
• used to cushion the bones and joints and helps prevent fractures
• The difference between cartilage and bone tissue is that cartilage cannot repair itself

Question 5

Describe joints

Answer 5

• The connection of two bones (where two bones articulate)

- consisting of cartilage and connective tissue

Question 6

Describe immovable joints

Answer 6

They are connected by interlocking. e.g sutured areas of the cranium.

Question 7

Where is the parietal bone located?

Answer 7

Question 8

Where is the occipital bone located?

Answer 8

Question 9

Where is the temporal bone located?

Answer 9

Question 10

Where is the zygomatic process located?

Answer 10

Question 11

Where is the mastoid process located?

Answer 11

Question 12

Where is the mandible?

Answer 12

Question 13

Where is the maxilla?

Answer 13

Question 14

Where is the zygomatic bone?

Answer 14

Question 15

Where is the nasal bone?

Answer 15

Question 16

Where is the frontal bone?

Answer 16

Question 17

Where is the mandible? Bones of the neck.

Answer 17

Question 18

Where is the mastoid process?

Answer 18

Question 19

Where is the hyoid bone?

Answer 19

• The hyoid bone does not articulate with any other bone.
• It is suspended by ligaments from the styloid processes of the temporal bones -serves as a site of attachment for tongue and throat muscles.
• The hyoid bone is often fractured and incidence of strangulation and is, therefore, carefully examined during an autopsy in which strangulation is suspected.

Question 20

Where is the thyroid bone? Thyroid cartilage.

Answer 20

The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine laryngeal cartilages.

• The two main plates of this cartilage are fused in front to form a laryngeal prominence [Adam’s apple], which is more pronounced in males and females after puberty.
• This cartilage can become fractured as a result of blows received during boxing karate or compression by a shoulder strap during a car accident. The protective guards hanging from ice hockey goalie masks offer protection against this type of injury.

Question 21

Where is body of hyoid?

Answer 21

Question 22

Where is the lesser and greater cornu?

Answer 22