1
Q
What are the 5 sub-regional designations under the Côtes de Bordeaux AOC?
A
Cadillac-Côtes de Bordeaux (Red only) Castillon-Côtes de Bordeaux (Red only) Blaye-Côtes de Bordeaux Francs-Côtes de Bordeaux Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux (newly added)
2
Q
T or F Bordeaux Haut-Benauge produces only dry whites
A
False.
Bordeaux Haut-Benauge produces both dry and semi-sweet whites.
3
Q
T or F Premières Cotes de Bordeaux produces only semi-sweet whites
A
True
4
Q
What style of wine does Cadillac-Côtes de Bordeaux produces?
A
Only Red
5
Q
What style of wine is produced in the Libournais?
A
All 10 Libournais AOCs are for dry reds only
6
Q
What are the main soil types of Bordeaux’s Right Bank?
A
Clay and limestone
7
Q
What estate is the only Premier Cru Supérieur of the 1855 classification?
A
Château d’Yquem
8
Q
What defines Cru Bourgeois?
A
A list created in 1932 of 444 châteaux from Médoc not included in the 1855 classification. It remains a member-based syndicate.
9
Q
What moderates Bordeaux’s climate?
A
The Gulf Stream, Les Landes, and the network of rivers
10
Q
What are “Crus Artisans”?
A
Boutique wineries of quality in Bordeaux
11
Q
What French wine region produces more AOC wine than any other?
A
Bordeaux
12
Q
How does Bordeaux Supérieur differ from Bordeaux AOC?
A
Stricter production standards, lower yields and higher alcohol. Reds must be aged 9 months. Whites are always semi-sweet.
13
Q
What did the 1953 Graves Classification rank?q
A
The wines of 16 estates, rather than the estates themselves
14
Q
A semi-sweet wine from Graves must labeled as:
A
“Graves Supérieures AOC”q
15
Q
Why is Malbec seldom planted in Bordeaux today?
A
The winter freeze of 1956 destroyed most Malbec plantings.
16
Q
What is “Les Landes”?
A
A man-made forest separating Bordeaux from the ocean.
17
Q
What Bordeaux soils are considered “warm”?
A
Gravel and sand because they radiate heat back to the vine
18
Q
What three Bordeaux winegrowing areas were included in the 1855 Classification?
A
Médoc (60 châteaux), Péssac-Leognan (1 château) and Sauternes (26 châteaux)
19
Q
What is the difference between St Emilion Grand Cru and St Emilion Grand Cru Classé?
A
The former is an AOC. The latter is a ranking within a classification system.
20
Q
What contribution did the Dutch make to Bordeaux winemaking in the 1600s?
A
They drained the Médoc peninsula in order to grow grapes for sweet white table wine and for wine to distill into eau de vie
21
Q
What style of wine is produced in the Cérons, Barsac and Sauternes AOCs?
A
Sweet whites affected by noble rot
22
Q
What are the four sub-regional designations of the Côtes de Bordeaux AOC”?
A
Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon, and Francs
23
Q
How are reds from Entre-Deux-Mers labeled?
A
“Bordeaux AOC” or “Bordeaux Supérieur AOC”
24
Q
What are the main grapes of Bordeaux’s Right Bank?
A
Merlot and Cabernet Franc
25
What is the main grape of Bordeaux's Left Bank?
Cabernet Sauvignon
26
What is the main soil type of Bordeaux's Left Bank?
Gravel
27
What are the three primary white grapes in Bordeaux?
Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle
28
What are the three secondary red grape varieties in Bordeaux?
Malbec, Petit Verdot and Carmenère
29
Where is the wine-producing area of Libournais?
On Bordeaux's Right Bank, around the city of Liborne
30
What style of wine is made in the Médoc?
Dry reds only
31
What style of wine is produced in the Cadillac, Loupiac and Ste-Croix-du-Mont AOCs?
Sweet whites affected by noble rot
32
Bordeaux's first vineyards were planted in what sub-region?
Graves
33
What is "Clairet"?
A semi-red wine made by the Saignée method.
34
What are the four St. Emilion satellites?
St-Georges, Lussac, Montagne and Puisseguin
35
What defines the term "Petit Château"?
"Petit Château" is an unofficial term for an unclassified property in the Bordeaux region
36
What are the three principal rivers of Bordeaux?
Gironde, Garonne, Dordogne
36
What are the three principal rivers of Bordeaux?
Gironde, Garonne, Dordogne
37
Cabernet Sauvignon is a cross between:
Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Franc
38
What is the primary grape of Entre-Deux-Mers?
Sauvignon Blanc
39
What Right Bank sub-region has a classification system?
St. Emilion
40
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
Maritime
41
What Médoc AOC is considered the most "feminine" and perfumed?
Margaux AOC
42
Why is Graves suited for sweet wine production?
Damp, foggy mornings followed by warm dry afternoons promote noble rot
43
What Médoc AOC is considered the most "Californian"?
St. Julien
44
What Bordeaux AOC produces dry whites mainly from Colombard?
Côtes de Blaye AOC
45
What Bordeaux soils are considered "cold"?
Clay and limestone because they retain moisture
46
How many categories of "growths" were given to red wines in Bordeaux's 1855 classification?
Five
47
What style of wine is made under the Entre-Deux-Mers AOC?
The Entre-Deux-Mers AOC is for dry white wines only
48
Which classification system ranks the wines of Bordeaux not the Estates?
Graves - 16
6 for reds & whites
7 for reds only
3 for white only
49
What style of wine is produced in the Cérons, Barsac and Sauternes AOC's?
Sweet wines affected by Noble Rot
50
What style of wines is produced in the Cadillac, Loupiac and Ste-Croix-du-Mont AOC's?
Sweet wines affected by Noble Rot
51
In which year and how did England gain control of Aquitaine, Gascony, and much of western France?
In 1152, *Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine married *Henry Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
⇨ Henry became *King Henry II of England and *Duke of Normandy
⇨ Their marriage became one of the most significant in European history
⇨ It gave England reign over Aquitaine, Gascony, and a portion of western France
⇨ It made Henry a vassal (a person or country in a subordinate position to another 종속) to the French Crown even though he was a King in his own right
⇨ Ties to England established a strong maritime trade in Bordeaux wine / City and region flourished as never before
52
Why did Bordeaux shift wine production from red to white?
region after the close of the Hundred Years War
- Based on maritime trade
- Dutch wanted white wine to distill into *eau de vie / Sweet white wines for their table
- Bordeaux shifted its production from RED to WHITE
- Dutch **drained the Medoc peninsula in the 1600s / rising the gravel beds and reclaiming viable land for planting the vine
53
What gave birth to Bordeauxs 1st Golden Age?
In 1152, *Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine married *Henry Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
=> Henry became *King Henry II of England and *Duke of Normandy
=> Ties to England established a strong maritime trade in Bordeaux wine / City and region flourished as never before
England was staunchly Catholic;
- They needed *wine for MASS
- Bordeaux became England’s vineyard
- The maritime trade gave BIRTH to a wealthy merchant class and heralded Bordeaux’s first Golden Age
54
What heralded Bordeaux's 2nd Golden Age?
Trade with new Dutch and British colonies
The Dutch mercantile(relating to trade or commerce) empire became very involved with the Bordeaux region after the close of the Hundred Years War (1337 to 1453)
=> Dutch **drained the Medoc peninsula in the 1600s / rising the gravel beds and reclaiming viable land for planting the vine
=> In the 1700s, expansion of the Bordeaux wine market to include the new Dutch and British colonies led to Bordeaux’s 2nd Golden Age
=> Wealthy merchants established luxurious ‘chateaux’ with surrounding vineyards (e.g. Chateau Haut-Brion) / The term ‘Chateau’ became synonymous with ‘wine making estate’ regardless of the stature of the buildings on the property
55
What led the Bordeaux's 3rd Golden Age?
* Robert Parker
- Launched his Wine Advocate and touted the merits of the 1982 vintage
- Refocused world attention on Bordeaux
- Robert Parker rocketed to stardom / Bordeaux entered its 3rd Golden Age
56
Just as trade began to flourish in Bordeaux in the 1800's, what 3 pests hit the vineyards?
1852 Powdery Mildew (Oidium)
1865 Phylloxera
1880 Downy Mildew
57
What were the major events in the early 20th century that shaped the Bordeaux wine trade?
The 2 World Wars closed off the markets
1935 Bordeaux region split into 57 AOC's
1956 Severe frost kills 1/4 of all vines
58
Where is the Bordeaux wine-producing area of Libournais?
- *Libournais;
o The wine regions *surrounding the Libourne (principal city on the Right Bank of the Dordogne and Gironde) is referred to as the Libournais
- Predominantly Merlot and Cabernet Franc blends
o Thanks to high % of Merlot, silken in texture / less powerfully structured than left-bank
- *10 RED AOCs;
59
What AOCs are in Libournais?
```
Fronsac
Canon-Fronsac
Pomerol
Lalande-de-Pomerol
St Emilion
St Emilion Grand Cru
Saint Georges St Emilion
Lussac St Emilion
Montagne St Emilion
Puisseguin St Emilion
```
60
T or F? Clairet is the English moniker for red Bordeaux
False
Clairet is a semi-red (ROSE) wine made by the Saignée method.
*Clairet;
- Follows same basic wine making regimen as traditional RED production
- Made in the ‘*Saignee’ method
o Shorter maceration than RED production; 24-36 hours
- Less pigmented than RED wine / Darker than Rose
61
T or F? Wines from Entre-Deux-Mers AOC are dry or sweet.
False
| Dry white only
62
What AOC is at the highest elevation point (43m) in Médoc?
Listrac-Medoc AOC
63
What AOC in Medoc is most feminine and most perfumed?
Margaux AOC
64
What AOC is the northernmost portion of Graves?
Pessac-Leognan AOC
- *Once a part of Graves proper
- AOC in 1987
- Northernmost-portion of Graves
- Cabernet Sauvignon based Reds
- Deep Gravel soils
65
Which zone of production is located in the middle of two rivers; Dogdogne and Garonne?
Entre-Deux-Mers
66
What AOC's white wine is mainly made from Colombard in Bordeaux?
Cotes de Blaye
67
What classification system in Bordeaux is designed to be *revised every 10 years?
Saint-Emilion Classification (1955)
- Est in *1955 / but designed to be *revised every 10 years
- Only region on the right bank with a classification system
- 2006 revision – remained in effect till Sep 2012
o *6 new properties had been elevated to Grand Cru Classe status
o First nullified because its tasting protocol was considered unfair
o Judges were asked to taste 2 flights of wine
▪ Classified growths
▪ Chateaux who hoped to become classified
- Today, Chateaux are graded on;
o quality
o condition of the winery
o equipment of the winery
o The standing of the estate in the Marketplace (50%) and on the quality of wine (50%)
68
What is the difference between 'St-Emilion Grand Cru' and 'St-Emilion Grand Cru Classe' ?
o St-Emilion Grand Cru: AOC
| o St-Emilion Grand Cru Classe: Ranking within the classification system
69
Which of the following has an impact on Bordeaux's climate? (select all correct answers)
The Gulf Stream
The Dordogne and Garonne Rivers
The Landes Forest
The Gironde Estuary
The Gulf Stream
The Dordogne and Garonne Rivers
The Landes Forest
* Gulf Stream;
- Warms and regulates temperatures
* Les Landes (Pine forest);
- Almost 1 million ha / Largest man-made forest in Europe
- Provide a barrier to ocean winds and storms
- Protect the vineyards of Bordeaux from inclement weather and sand dunes
70
What's the most widely planted RED grape in Bordeaux?
Merlot
71
What event decimated the Malbec plantings in Bordeaux and changed the nature of the red blend?
1956 The Winter Freeze
```
- **The Winter freeze of 1956
o Destroyed a quarter of all the vineyards
o Malbec (Cot) lost 1/3 of its acreage that year / *never replanted again
o Obviously this act of Mother Nature changed the nature of the Bordeaux blend significantly; considerably LESS Malbec in the red blend these days
```
72
Which practice was discovered to rob Sauvignon Blanc of its aromatics?
copper-sulfate sprays
o Wine makers in Bordeaux discovered that the *copper-sulfate sprays (used in Bordeaux to combat molds and mildews in the vineyard) were robbing Sauvignon Blanc of its aromatics by reacting with *aroma pre-cursors and pulling out of solution
73
What where the stylistic changes in Bordeaux's dry white wine making?
- In the past;
o mineral-driven / redolent of thyme
o discovered that the *copper-sulfate sprays (used in Bordeaux to combat molds and mildews in the vineyard) were robbing Sauvignon Blanc of its aromatics by reacting with *aroma pre-cursors => pulling out of solution
- Today;
o Judicious and well-timed sprays have now effectively eliminated the issues in the past
o Allowed for Sauvignon Blanc to display its true and full aromatic potential
o The new generation of Sauvignon Blanc -dominated whites are much *more perfumed
- Most of Dry White Bordeaux;
o Stainless Steel-fermented in order to preserve fresh fruit aroma
o Mostly do not spend time in oak
o Mostly do not undergo MLF (Malo-lactic fermentation)
o The proportion of Semillon (Apricot / Fig) to Sauvignon Blanc (Pineapple) determines the final flavors in the glass
74
What Bordeaux grape delivers flavors of Indian Spice?
Carmenere
FWS Sommelier Johann
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