1
Q
How many ‘Villages’ are entitled to be labeled on the wines produced from Côtes du Rhône Village AOC?
A
21 Villages
Four more villages have been added to the list of villages that can append their name to Côtes du Rhône Village+ Named village: Sainte-Cécile, Suze-la-Rousse, Vaison la Romaine and Saint-Andéol. This now gives us a grand total of 21 villages so entitled
2
Q
The residual sugar for Muscat de Beaumes de Venise VDN?
A
Minimum 10% or 100 g/l RS
3
Q
The residual sugar for Rasteau VDN
A
Minimum 4.5% or 45 g/l RS
4
Q
What are the main soil types found in the Northern Rhône?
A
Granite and schist
5
Q
What is the climate of the Southern Rhône?
A
Mediterranean
6
Q
The term “échelas” refers to:
A
Tipi-like trellasing structures that provide support and wind protection for vines
7
Q
What is the most common style of wine in the Diois?
A
Sparkling white
8
Q
What is the primary method for making rosé wine in the Rhône Valley?
A
“Saignée” or bleeding method
9
Q
Rhone vineyards are situated between _____th & _____th parallels north.
A
44th and 45th
10
Q
What is the principal grape of Tavel rosé?
A
Grenache
11
Q
Define the term “foudres”
A
large wooden barrels
12
Q
What is the only red grape variety grown in the northern Rhône?
A
Syrah
13
Q
“Rhône Rangers” are:
A
California winemakers making Rhône style blends
14
Q
What is the primary grape of the Rasteau appellation?
A
Grenache
15
Q
Where is most Côtes du Rhône produced, in the north or the south?
A
The south. The north makes just a tiny fraction of overall production.
16
Q
Is Côtes du Rhône Villages made in the Northern Rhône, in the Southern Rhône, or in both?
A
All 95 CDR Villages come from the south
17
Q
Can the entire Rhône Valley produce wine under the Côtes du Rhône AOC designation?
A
No. The Côtes du Rhône AOC is a delineated area within the greater Rhone Valley
18
Q
What is the main difference between a wine labeled “Clairette de Die” and a wine labeled “Coteaux de Die”?
A
Clairette is sparkling and Coteaux is still
19
Q
What is the northernmost cru in the Northern Rhône?
A
Côte-Rôtie
20
Q
What are the two Northern Rhône crus located on the left (east) bank of the river?
A
Crozes-Hermitage, Hermitage
21
Q
What is the most common vine training system in the Southern Rhône?
A
Gobelet
22
Q
Which Northern Rhône cru is known for sparkling wine?
A
Saint-Péray
23
Q
Which Rhône cru is devoted entirely to the making of rosé wine?
A
Tavel
24
Q
The Dentelles de Montmirail is:
A
A mountain range to the east of the southern Rhône
25
What is the primary grape variety of Clairette de Die?
This wine must include a minimum 75% Muscat
26
What are galets?
Rounded river stones or pebbles
27
What is the difference between the Beaumes-de-Venise AOC and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOC?
The first is a dry red, while the second is sweet, white VDN
28
What is the southernmost appellation in the Southern Rhône?
Costières de Nimes
29
Are Côtes du Rhône Villages wines strictly single varietals, or blends or can they be both?
Côtes du Rhône Villages must be a blend composed of at least 50% Grenache
29
Are Côtes du Rhône Villages wines strictly single varietals, or blends or can they be both?
Côtes du Rhône Villages must be a blend composed of at least 50% Grenache
30
What Northern Rhône cru occupies a single hill inside another AOC?
Hermitage
31
Define the term "Septentrionales"
The Northern Côtes du Rhône
32
"Oeil de perdrix" refers to:
The deep salmon color of Rhône rosés made from Grenache and Cinsault (oeil de perdrix = partridge eye)
33
What Rhône appellation was the first to have its zone of production delineated?
Châteauneuf-du-pape
34
What three Northern Rhône crus permit Viognier?
Côte-Rôtie, Condrieu, Château-Grillet
35
What is the climate of the Northern Rhône?
Continental
36
Continental
The Southern Côtes du Rhône
37
What are the three white grapes of the Northern Rhône?
Viognier, Marsanne and Roussanne
38
What is the Mistral?
A north wind that blows through the Rhône Valley
39
List AOCs located on the Right Bank (Western) of Rhone River in Northern Rhone Valley (Rhone River flows from North to South)
- Cote Rotie
- Condrieu
- Chateau-Grillet
- Saint-Joseph
- Cornas
- Saint-Peray
40
List AOCs located on the Right Bank (Western) of Rhone River in Northern Rhone Valley (Rhone River flows from North to South)
- Cote Rotie
- Condrieu
- Chateau-Grillet
- Saint-Joseph
- Cornas
- Saint-Peray
41
List AOCs located on the Left Bank (Eastern) of Rhone River in Northern Rhone Valley (Rhone River flows from North to South)
- Crozes-Hermitage – The *Largest of the Northern Crus
| - Hermitage
42
List AOCs located on the Right Bank (Western) of Rhone River in Southern Rhone Valley (Rhone River flows from North to South)
- Lirac
- Tavel
- Cotes du Vivarais
- Duche d’Uzes
- Costieres de Nimes
43
List AOCs located on the Left Bank (Eastern) of Rhone River in Southern Rhone Valley (Rhone River flows from North to South)
- Vinsobres
- Rasteau
- Cairanne
- Gigondas
- Vacqueyras
- Beaume-de-Venise
- Chateauneuf-du-Pape
- Grignan-les-Adhemar
- Ventoux
- Luberon
44
What's the synonym of Macabeo?
Viura
45
What does 'Rolle' stand for?
Synonym of Vermentino
46
What's the synonym of Trebbiano?
Ugni Blanc
47
What is the synonym of Vaccarese?
Brun Argenté / Camarese
48
What's the cold north wind that blows through the Rhone Valley?
Mistral
49
Wines from Chateauneuf-du-Pape and other Southern Rhone areas was sold to Burgundy as (__________) to add pigment, tannin, ripe fruit.
Vins de Medecine
50
What's the origin of Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
- Church was the largest owner of vineyards and producer in Burgundy
- The monastic orders regularly sent their best wines to the Holy See
- However, During 70 years stay (1309-1376), the Popes embraced the wines of the Rhone
- Pope **John XXII (22nd), the 2nd Pope out of 7, decided to build a *summer residence in the area => Constructed what was known as **”the New Castle of the Pope” = **“Chateauneuf-du-Pape”
- Chateauneuf-du-Pape became the name of the village itself
- Wines of this area were first called **‘Vins du Pape’ => later referenced as Chateauneuf-du-Pape
51
Who proved that Syrah is indigenous to the Rhone Valley?
Professor Carole Meredith’s team at the *University of California at Davis (UC Davis)
52
What is the grape parentage of Syrah?
Dureza x Mondeuse Blanche
53
What's the difference between Beaumes-de-Venise AOP and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP?
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP; VDN
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains
- Vin Doux Naturel Blanc
- Vin Doux Naturel Rouge
- Vin Doux Naturel Rosé
Beaumes-de-Venise AOP; only still dry RED
Rouge: Combined Min. 80% Grenache and Syrah (min. 50% Grenache, 25-50% Syrah)
54
T or F? Although typically a blend, regional Cotes du Rhone can be 100% Syrah or 100% Grenache
True
55
How many Cru AOCs are in the Rhone Valley?
17
56
How many villages are entitled to append their names within the Cotes du Rhone Village-Named VIllage AOC?
21
57
Which AOCs are impacted by Dentelles de Montmirail?
Gigondas
Vacqueyras
Beaumes-de–Venise
- A mountain range to the east of the southern Rhône
- Significant Diurnal Temperature Swings, due to Cold Air masses that descend from the *Dentelles de Montmirail
58
Which AOCs in Northern Rhone Valley produce only still RED wine?
Côte-Rôtie AOP
| Cornas AOP
59
hich AOCs in Northern Rhone Valley produce only still White wine?
Condrieu AOP
Château-Grillet AOP
Coteaux de Die AOP
(St-Peray produces not only still white, but sparkling white, too.)
60
Which AOCs in Southern Rhone Valley produce only Still RED wines?
Vinsobres AOP
| Beaumes-de-Venise AOP
61
Which AOCs in Southern Rhone Valley produce only Still White wines?
Clairette de Bellegarde AOP
62
Which AOCs in Southern Rhone Valley produce only Still Rose wines?
Tavel
63
Which AOCs in Rhone Valley produce VDN style wines?
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP
| Rasteau AOP
64
What are the 17 Crus of Rhone Valley? List them from North to South
```
Cote-Rotie
Condrieu
Chateau-Grillet
Saint-Joseph
Crozes-Hermitage
Hermitage
Cornas
Saint-Peray
```
```
Vinsobres
Rasteau
Cairanne
Gigondas
Vacqueyras
Beaume de Venise
Chateauneuf-du-Pape
Lirac
Tavel
```
65
What's the name of the large, rounded river stones common to the Southern Rhone?
Galets
66
What's the traditional training method for the vineyards of the Southern Rhone?
Gobelet
- Most Southern Rhone vines are trained in Gobelet fashion
- Traditional Training System / No stake, No trellis
Vines are trained & pruned Low to the ground
Short Canes grow up outward from the center
Becomes a Cup or Goblet Shape
- **Protects the vines from the Mistral
67
Why are new vineyards in Rhone Valley often trellised?
- Better sun exposure
- Facilitating pruning
- Eliminating humidity build-up within the canopy
- Aiding in harvesting (make it easier for vineyard workers)
- Supporting vine against the wind
68
Why are the Vines in Southern Rhone, are spaced wider than the Northern Rhone vines?
- Depleted soil
- Lack of water; irrigation is Not an illegal practice, but producers must submit a special request and receive permission to employ irrigation in their vineyard
69
Which Rhone Region gwos Chardonnay, Gamay and Pinot Noir?
Diois
Chatillon en Diois AOC
70
How many villages produce Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC?
95
71
Define Mutage.
The addition of neutral grape spirit to arrest a fermentation
72
What's the dominant red grape variety of the Southern Rhone?
Grenache Noir
73
Which Rhone appellation initiated the creation of national legislation to codifty wine production standards and to protect and delineate French wine regions' zones of production?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape
74
When did Romans arrive in the Rhone Valley and what's their legacies?
In 121 BC, Romans arrived;
- Built the ancient city of Vienne / planted vineyards around the Vienne => soon developed a renown throughout the Empire
- Started to develop vineyards further inland in the upper Rhone Valley
- Transformed many steep slopes of the northern Rhone into *walled terraces to develop vineyards further inland in the upper Rhone Valley
- Began the *excavation work with *Cote Rotie and *Saint Joseph on the rugged *slopes of the Right Bank / also annexed the left bank hill of Hermitage
75
Which Southern Rhone AOC is cooler and receives more rain than the rest of its neighbors?
Cotes du Vivarais AOC
- Immediately opposite of Grignan-les-Adhemar
- More Rainfall / Cooler than the rest of the Southern Rhone
- Limestone / pockets of Gravels
- Red / Rose; mostly from Grenache / Syrah
- Red style; ‘le plus septentrionaux des meridionaux’ (the most northerly of the southern) => Jammy black fruits and spices
76
What's the minimum residual sugar for Muscat de Beaumes de Venise?
Minimum Residual Sugar: 100 g/l (110 g/l prior to 2011)
Vin Doux Naturel Blanc
Vin Doux Naturel Rouge
Vin Doux Naturel Rosé
Made from;
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains
Mutage: Min. 96° neutral alcohol in 5-10% proportion to wine
77
Who Initiated formal viticulture in the Rhone Valley?
The Phocaeans (Greeks from Asia Minor) in around *600 BC
- *The Celtic (Gallic) tribes were established in the Rhone / *The Phocaeans (Greeks from Asia Minor) settled in Marseille
o *Initiated formal viticulture
o Plied the Rhone River in order to move goods back and forth from the Mediterranean into the heart of Gaul / Wine was among the goods of commerce
- Believed the Greeks imported the vines to produce the first **Muscat a Petit Grains Blanc in Beaumnes de Venise in the Southern Rhone region
78
From when did Rhone stand at the forefront of commercial wine production in the ancient Mediterranean?
2nd Century BC
It continued through the dissolution of the Roman Empire
Into the Middle Ages when the Rhone gained more political and commercial importance
79
In which century did the Papal Palace move from Rome to Avignon?
14th Century.
1309-1376; Seven French Popes governed the Catholic Church
80
What's the origin of ‘Chateauneuf-du-Pape’?
- Church was the largest owner of vineyards and producer in Burgundy
- The monastic orders regularly sent their best wines to the Holy See
- However, During 70 years stay (1309-1376), the Popes embraced the wines of the Rhone
- Pope **John XXII (22nd), the 2nd Pope out of 7, decided to build a *summer residence in the area => Constructed what was known as **”the New Castle of the Pope” = **“Chateauneuf-du-Pape”
- Chateauneuf-du-Pape became the name of the village itself
- Wines of this area were first called **‘Vins du Pape’ => later referenced as Chateauneuf-du-Pape
81
What does '*Côtes-du-Rhône Septentrionales' stand for?
The wines from the Northern Rhone
82
What does 'Côtes-du-Rhône Méridionales' stand for?
The wines from the Southern Rhone
83
In which year did Chateauneuf-du-Pape’s *Vine Growers, Lawyers, President of the Syndicate of CdP, decide to delineate the *Zone of Production & set *Production Standards?
1924 / Led by *Baron Pierre Le roy de Boiseaumarie
84
After CdP decided to delineate the *Zone of Production and set *Production Standards in 1924, what made Baron to convince the government to create protection system for the wine production regions?
1 year after 1924, the Baron learned that cheese producers had garnered appellation protection for Roquefort => appealed to the government to protect the wines from his small town under the Same Rule
85
In which year did Baron help to create the *First wine AOC (Appellation d’Origine Controlee) system?
1935
- the Baron co-founded *INAO (Institut National des Appellations d’Origine) together with the presidents of other wine syndicates
o To guarantee authenticity of production
o Clearly defined area of origin (Origine)
o From a specifically named product (Appellatioin)
o Created and Labeled under strictly regulated (Controlee) production methods
86
Which AOC in the Rhone Valley was among the first to establish its AOC in 1936?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC
87
What does 'cuisine au beurre' stand for?
butter-based cooking traditional to the northern parts of France
88
What does 'cuisine a l'huile' stand for?
olive oil-based cooking traditional to the southern parts of France
89
Lyon has highest number of (______) restaurants than any other (outside of Paris)
Michelin-starred
90
What's the cuvee name of the Cotes du Rhone produced from Paul Jaboulet Aine?
Paul Jaboulet Aine ‘Parallele 45’ Cotes du Rhone
91
What's the impact of Rhone River to the climate in the Rhone valley?
- Moderating effect on temperature
- Equalizing diurnal temperature swing & seasonal temperature swings
- Aiding bud breaks
- helping reduce the risk of spring frost & autumn frost
- River Effect is intensified in the Northern Rhone;
o Most of the northern Rhone vineyards flank the steep & narrow banks of the Rhone
92
Whats' the impact of Mistral Wind in the Rhone Valley?
- Intense Wind / Cold Air
- Clears away Clouds & Dust => Delivers Sunny sky, Dry weather, Clear air (even can view mountains 150 km distant)
- Benefits;
o Chases Humidity => reduces disease pressure
o Refreshes the Air => drops the temperature (Moderating Effect) => grapes don’t bake in the heat of summer
- Risks;
o when it blows too hard; breaking shoots / ripping off leaves and berries
o it can decimate vineyards / uprooting the vines / destroying good crops
o When its drying-action is too much, it will shrivel a grape to raisin (when it’s positively affected, it concentrates flavors)
- Lying atop the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean
- Blows Year-round / Locals claim that it blows for durations of 3 days or multiples; e.g. 3, 6, 9, 12, etc
- Can reach more than *96 kmh
93
Why are Ideal vineyards in Northern Rhone Valley located on *South-East facing slopes?
to Minimize the exposure to the Mistral Wind
94
Why does th Mistral Wind particularly blows HARD in the Southern Rhone Valley and what's the measure used to protect the vines?
o Southern Rhone lacks the topographical obstructions (e.g. forests, etc) to the wind
o Vines tend to grow leaning south due to the force of the wind
o As wind protection, the vines are un-trellised and trained close to the ground
95
Northern Rhone stretches 72 km between (____) and (____)
Vienne / Valence
96
What early Ripening varieties are planted in Northern Rhone Valley?
Generally, Temperature drops earlier in the Northern Rhone than Southern Rhone
the possibility of good ripening is much lower than Southern Rhone
Early Ripening varieties are planted here; Syrah, Viognier
97
What's the Northern Rhone Soils?
Granite sub-soils with a fine top soils of crystalline Mica-Schist
98
What are the 2 benefits from adding white grapes as a blending component to the red wine production?
- Add Aromatic complexity
| - Soften the Tannins
99
Which AOC in Rhone Valley produces Vins de Paille style wine?
Sweet ‘Vins de Paille’ from Hermitage AOC;
Dried on Straw mats for min 45 days / Desiccates the grapes & Concentrates the sugars
100
What does 'Echalas' standing for?
* *Echalas trellising;
- Widely used in Northern Rhone
- Traditionally Trellising that places Two vines at the center of Two or Three stakes
- The structures provide both Support & Wind Protection
- Syrah tends to droop, Syrah does well with the added support of a trellising system or stake
101
Southern Rhone Valley Extends from (____) to (____)
*Montelimar / Nimes
102
(__)% of Cotes du Rhone AOC (CDR) (White/Rose/Red) are produced from Southern Rhone.
95%
Very small portions of CDR is produced form Northern Rhone, because;
- All the vineyards in Northern Rhone fall under more prestigious appellations
- Producers are opt to use those AOCs on the label instead of CDR
White; 80 Grenache Blanc, Viognier, Marsanne, Roussanne, Clairette, Bourboulenc
+ Mx 20 Ugni Blanc, Piquepoul Blanc
Red / Rose; 40 Grenache + Mx 60 Syrah, Mourvedre + Carignan, Cinsault, Ccounoise, Muscardin, Vaccarese, Piquepoul Noir, Terret, Grenache Gris, Clairette Rose + white varieties
103
Cotes du Rhone sourced from the Northern Rhone is made from;
100% Syrah
104
T or F? Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC can produce varietal wines.
False
Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC Mandatory blend in the bottle;
- Cannot produce 100% Syrah or 100% Grenache like Cotes du Rhone AOC
- By law, must add **at least ONE blending partner (Syrah or Mourvedre) to Grenache
Often add many other varietals to the blend
Addition of Syrah or Mourvedre guarantess a more densely pigmented & tannic product; *Signature of Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC
105
How many villages (or Zones) of production can be added on the labels of Cotes du Rhone Villages + Name Village AOC ?
20 villages or Zones of production
106
*Total (___) Crus in the Rhone Valley
- Significant prestige and renown
- Even if located within Les Cotes du Rhone, ‘Cotes du Rhone’ won’t appear on the label
Just the name of the Cru AOC will be on the label
Northern Rhone; (__) Crus
Southern Rhone; (__) Crus
Total 17 Crus
Northern Rhone; 8 Crus
Southern Rhone; 9 Crus
107
Which AOC is the southern-most of the Northern Crus?
Saint-Peray AOC – WHITE; Still & SPK
- Right bank of the Rhone (Western)
- Marsanne, Roussanne
- *Southern-most of the Northern Crus, but slightly **cooler due to tis position on the east & southeast flanks of a deep valley
- Sparkling has been produced since **1825
108
Which AOC is the largest of the Northern Crus in Rhone Valley?
```
Crozes-Hermitage AOC – 92% Red / 8 White
- Red; Syrah + Mx 15 Marsanne and/or Roussanne
- White; Marsanne, Roussanne
- The *Largest of the Northern Crus
- Left bank of the River (Eastern)
- Varied Soils;
o Pockets of galets
o Limestone
o Shingle Clays + Granite / Schist
```
109
Which AOC is the Rhone’s newest cru?
Cairanne AOC – 94 Red / 5 White (Rose is also made, but not given AOC status)
- Red; Min 50 Grenache + 20 Syrah and/or Mourvedre
- White; Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier, Bourboulenc
- Chalky white clay / Red clay / Silt
110
What AOC is the largest of the Southern Crus in Rhone Valley?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC
FWS Sommelier Johann
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