1
Q
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
A
Maritime
2
Q
How do the Atlantic Ocean and the Gironde Estuary protect Bordeaux?
A
Protect the vines from winter freezes and frost
3
Q
Name the bodies of water that influence Bordeaux.
A
Atlantic Ocean
Gironde Estuary
Dordogne River
Garonne River
4
Q
What is the name of the forest that divides Bordeaux from the Atlantic Ocean?
A
Les Landes
5
Q
How is the Atlantic Ocean warmed?
A
The Gulf Stream
6
Q
What is the climatic benefit of the Les Landes forest?
A
Shields Bordeaux from extreme weather
7
Q
Name 3 main white grapes of Bordeaux.
A
Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle
8
Q
Name the 6 main red grapes of Bordeaux.
A
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Carmenère
Malbec
9
Q
What is the most planted white variety in Bordeaux?
A
Sémillon
10
Q
What is the most planted grape variety in Bordeaux?
A
Merlot
11
Q
What is a château?
A
A building attached to vineyards with winemaking and storage facilities on property
12
Q
What is a cuverie?
A
The building where the wine will be made
13
Q
What is a chai?
A
The cellar where the wine will be stored and aged
14
Q
When was the 1953 Classification of Graves revised?
A
1959
15
Q
What year was Graves classified?
A
1953
16
Q
What year was Saint Émilion classified?
A
1954
17
Q
What major region in Bordeaux was never classified?
A
Pomerol
18
Q
What year was Château Mouton Rothschild promoted to first growth?
A
1973
19
Q
List the 6 communes of the Haut Médoc north to south.
A
St Estèphe
Pauillac
St Julien
Listrac
Moulis en Médoc
Margaux
20
Q
What is the dominant grape variety in the Médoc?
A
Cabernet Sauvignon
21
Q
What are the 3 current French Wine Classifications?
A
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlee / Protégée (AOP)
Vin de Pays / Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
Vin de France
22
Q
What are négociants?
A
Intermediary that buys fruit or wine in barrel to age in their cellars before selling the bottled wine
23
Q
What are courtiers?
A
Brokers of wine
24
Q
What did the courtiers start?
A
En Primeur
25
When is En Primeur held?
April
26
What is En Primeur?
Yearly offering of Bordeaux wines as futures
27
Name climatic hazards in Bordeaux.
Rain
Mold
Rot
Frost
28
What is the Bordeaux Mixture?
A mix of lime, copper sulfate and water
29
What does the Bordeaux Mixture do?
Helps avoid fungal problems
30
What is clairet?
A darker, more aromatic style of rosé that emulates the original claret wines shipped to England during the Middle Ages
31
What is assemblage?
Blend
32
What soil is best for Cabernet Sauvignon? Why?
Well drained gravel; Limestone
Root system has to dig for water causing slight water stress; Promotes acidity and freshness
33
What soil is best for Merlot? Why?
Clay
Helps to delay its natural vigor
34
What is encépagement?
The mix of grape varieties in a vineyard
35
Why may Cabernet Sauvignon avoid springtime frost?
Late budding
36
What grape is usually most affected by frost? Why?
Merlot
## Footnote
Early budding
37
How does elevation affect frost?
Cold air sinks into valleys and hot air rises
38
How does Cabernet Sauvignon impact a wine?
Pigment
Tannin
Structure
Longevity
39
How does Merlot impact a wine?
Fleshy, juicy texture
40
How does Cabernet Franc impact a wine?
Herbal spice
Red fruit aromas
41
Which grape is the last to ripen in Bordeaux?
Petit Verdot
42
How does Petit Verdot impact a wine?
Color
Depth
Exotic perfume
43
What is the Bordelaise term for Malbec on the Right Bank?
Pressac
44
How does Sauvignon Blanc impact a wine?
High acidity
Citrus flavors
Adds pungency
45
What is the volume of a barrique?
225 L
46
What are jalles?
Drainage channels
47
What is the purpose of jalles?
To prevent the Médoc from turning into swampland
48
Why is Merlot heavily planted in the Bas – Médoc?
Higher proportion of clay-based soil
49
If a wine is labeled Médoc AOP, what style must it be?
Dry red wine
50
What chateau achieved first growth status in 1973?
Chateau Mouton
51
What is Cru Artisan?
36 small producers throughout the Medoc are classified denoting their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking without the financing or apparatus of large scale operations
52
When was Cru Artisan formally recognized?
2002
53
How often is Cru Artisan updated? When was the last update?
Every 5 years; 2023
54
What is the northernmost appellation in the Haut Medoc?
St Estèphe
55
Why do wines have a higher percentage of merlot?
More clay amongst the gravel soil
56
Does St Estèphe AOP contain any first growths?
No
57
Which commune in the Haut-Médoc has the deepest soils?
Pauillac
58
What is the largest commune in the Haut-Médoc?
Margaux
59
What commune has the most classified growths? How many?
Margaux; 21
60
What is boulbenes? Where is it commonly found?
Mixture of sand, gravel and clay
Graves
61
What styles of wine can Graves AOP produce?
Dry red and white
62
When did Chateau La Tour Haut Brion produce its final vintage?
2005
63
When did Chateau Laville Haut Brion produce its last vintage?
2008
64
What are the communes of Pessac Léognan AOP?
Pessac
Léognan
Cadaujac
Canéjan
Gradignan
Martillac
Mérignac
Saint Médard d’Eyrans
Talence
Villenave d’Ornon
65
What style of wine is produced under Graves Supérieur AOP?
Sweet white wines
66
What is the French term for Botrytis cinerea?
Pourriture noble
67
Name 2 rivers that influence Sauternes AOP.
Ciron
Garonne
68
What are tries?
Passes through a vineyard
69
Why are tries important?
Noble rot does not affect grapes evenly therefore multiple passes are needed
70
What is the name of d’Yquem’s dry wine?
“Y” Ygrec
71
Name 5 vintages d’Yquem didn’t produce wine.
2012
1992
1974
1972
1964
72
What is the blend of d’Yquem?
80% Sémillon
20% Sauvignon Blanc
73
Name the 5 villages of Sauternes AOP.
Sauternes
Barsac
Fargues
Preignac
Bommes
74
What is the required minimum must weight at harvest for Sauternes AOP?
221 grams per liter
75
What is the required minimum residual sugar authorized for Sauternes AOP?
45 grams per liter
76
What producer makes Crème de Tête?
Château Gilette
77
What AOP has côtes and graves?
St Émilion
78
What are the requirements for St Émilion Grand Cru AOP?
Requires an additional .5% more alcohol and must undergo a longer élevage than wines labeled St Émilion AOP
79
What is the specific soil in Pomerol AOP?
Crasse de fer
80
What is the name for Cabernet Franc in Pomerol?
Bouchet
81
What major AOP in Bordeaux has not been classified?
Pomerol AOP
82
What is a garagiste?
A microchâteau making powerfully ripe and modern wines from small properties
83
Name 3 garagiste producers and where they are located.
Le Pin – Pomerol
Valandraud – St Emilion
La Mondotte – St Emilion
84
What are the 4 St Emilion satellites?
Lussac
St Georges
Montagne
Puisseguin
85
Which of the St Emilion satellites is biggest?
Montagne
86
Which of the St Emilion satellites is smallest?
St Georges
87
What are the 5 Côtes de Bordeaux Appellation?
Blaye
Cadillac
Castillon
Francs
Saint Foy (new)
88
Name the 3 sweet wine appellations located in Entre Deux Mers AOP.
Loupiac
St Croix du Mont
Cadillac
89
What happened to Bordeaux in 1956?
Coldest year on record since 1709; Devasting frosts – cut yields significantly
90
Name 3 regional AOP that apply to the entire area of Bordeaux.
Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
91
What styles of wine can be made under the Bordeaux AOP?
Red
White (sec, off dry, medium sweet), Rosé
Clairet
92
What styles of wine can be produced under the Bordeaux Supérieur AOP?
Red
Medium Sweet White
93
What is the élevage requirement for Bordeaux Supérieur AOP red wines?
Must undergo élevage until mid-June of the year following harvest
94
What Germanic winemaking technique did the Dutch introduce to Bordeaux?
Burning sulfur candles in barrels prior to aging wine
95
How did the Dutch contribute to Bordeaux's geography?
They built a series of canals (jalles) to drain the marshy lowlands of the Médoc, reclaiming the gravelly, alluvial soils
96
What are jalles?
Canals
97
What are croupes?
Mounds of warm gravel soil that drain easily
98
How was Oidium mitigated in the Bordeaux vineyard?
Through the use of sulfur
99
What is the Bordeaux Mixture?
Copper sulfate-lime mixture used to treat/mitigate powdery and downy mildew
100
What is sur souches?
Négociants pricing wines based on the previous years vintage, agreed upon prior to harvest
101
What château was the first to estate bottle in Bordeaux? In what year?
Mouton Rothschild; 1924
102
What is the Place de Bordeaux?
A 3-tier system of wine production, brokerage and sales that controls the trade of wine in Bordeaux
103
What château bowed out of En Primeur? In what year?
Latour; 2012
104
In what 2 Bordeaux regions can new product be freely blended into grand vins as long as the new parcels lie in the same AOP?
Médoc
Pomerol
105
What does a société civil do?
Eliminates the actual transfer of property upon one’s death by creating shares in a real estate owning company
106
What training system is used throughout Bordeaux for dry red and white production?
Guyot
## Footnote
Produces slightly larger berries that tend to develop grey rot
107
What form of Guyot training is used on the Left Bank?
Double Guyot
108
What form of Guyot training is used on the Right Bank?
Simple
109
What training system is used for sweet white wines?
Cordon Training
Produces smaller berries that attract botrytis
110
Where in Bordeaux is canopy height the shortest?
Médoc
## Footnote
Bunches take advantage of the heat radiating off of the gravel soils
111
Why is the canopy higher on the Right Bank?
The region is more frost prone
## Footnote
Clay soil doesn’t radiate heat as well as gravel
112
Is the Bordeaux Mixture considered organic?
Yes
113
Name a biodynamic producer in Bordeaux.
Pontet Canet
114
What is green harvesting?
Removing bunches during the summer months
115
How does green harvesting benefit the grapes and wine?
Reduces vigor
## Footnote
Produces smaller berries, yielding a more concentrated wine
116
What are the 2 sorting machines employed in Bordeaux?
Optical Sorter
Density Sorter
117
What is an optical sorter?
Allows the producer to automatically reject fruit that does not meet certain color and size quality
118
What is a density sorter?
Grapes are run through a sugar water solution. Grapes denser than the solution sink and are selected
119
Can Bordeaux wines be chaptalized? Is it common?
Yes
No
120
What is reverse osmosis?
A means of concentrating must when water content is too high
121
What is the traditional form of cap management for red wines in Bordeaux?
Remontage (pumping over)
122
What is the size of a French barrique used in Bordeaux?
225 L
123
What is the size of a tonneau used in Bordeaux?
900 L
124
How many standard barriques can fit into a Bordeaux tonneau?
4 barriques
125
What is the typical élevage for red wines in Bordeaux?
18 – 24 months
126
What is the typical élevage for dry white wines in Bordeaux?
Rarely exceeds 12 – 15 months
127
What is micro-oxygenation?
The controlled addition of small, measured amounts of oxygen to a wine, usually in stainless steel tanks to mimic barrel aging
128
What region is micro-oxygenation from?
Madiran
129
What is Cliquage?
Moderate doses of oxygen are applied to the finished wine in barrel
130
When does cliquage occur?
During élevage
131
What is the purpose of cliquage?
Used to stimulate the larger oxygen exposure traditionally accomplished through racking
132
What is the soil type in Saint Estèphe?
Low-lying clay and sandy soils
133
What geographical feature separates Saint Estèphe and Pauillac?
Jalle de Breuil
134
How many classified estates are in Saint Estèphe AOP?
5 estates
135
Describe the style of wines from Saint Estèphe.
Rustic, aggressive, sturdy
## Footnote
Requires years to soften
136
What AOP in Bordeaux has the deepest croupes?
Pauillac AOP
137
What is the main grape of Pauillac AOP?
Cabernet Sauvignon
138
What château in Pauillac AOP sits on the northern boundary?
Lafite Rothschild
139
Where in Pauillac AOP is Latour?
Southern edge
140
What is the typical encépagement for Pauillac AOP wines?
70 – 80% Cabernet Sauvignon
141
Describe the style of wines from Pauillac AOP.
Power, dark, firm, brooding
## Footnote
Require years in the cellar to soften
142
How many classified estates are in Saint Julien AOP?
11 estates
143
St Julien AOP sits between which two communes?
Pauillac and Margaux
144
Which commune has the most classified estates?
St Julien AOP
145
What is the dominant variety in St Julien AOP?
Cabernet Sauvignon
146
What is the style of St Julien AOP?
Elegant but firm
147
Name 2 producers from Moulis en Médoc AOP.
Chasse Spleen and Poujeaux
148
Name the 4 communes of Margaux AOP.
Cantenac
Soussans
Arsac
Labarde
149
Why does Cabernet Sauvignon mature faster in Margaux AOP?
Shallower gravel beds – retain more heat
150
What is the most planted grape in Margaux AOP?
Cabernet Sauvignon
151
How many classified estates are in Margaux AOP?
21 estates
152
Describe the style of Margaux AOP wines.
Aromatic and silky
## Footnote
May be a touch lighter in body
153
What forest separates the Graves from the sea?
Les Landes
154
What is the dominant soil type in Graves?
Gravel
155
Name 2 AOPs in Graves AOP.
Graves AOP
Graves Supérieur AOP
156
What styles of wine are permitted in Graves AOP?
Dry white and dry red
157
What styles of wine are permitted in Graves Supérieur AOP?
Sweet white
158
What are the 2 dominant red grapes in Pessac Léognan AOP?
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
159
What are the 2 dominant white grapes in Pessac Leognan?
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon
160
What is the purpose of using sulfur dioxide in Sauternes AOP?
Reduce volatile acidity
## Footnote
Reduces risk of refermentation
161
What is the largest commune of production in Sauternes AOP?
Barsac AOP
162
If a Sauternes AOP or Barsac AOP producer produces a dry wine, what appellation may it be labeled with?
Bordeaux AOP
163
What are the 3 communes of Cérons AOP?
Cérons
Podensac
Illats
164
What is the dominant soil type on the Right Bank of Bordeaux?
Clay
165
Why is Merlot more suited to the Right Bank?
Ripens easily in clay soils
## Footnote
Less susceptible to disease, more evenly ripening, longer lived
166
Besides Merlot, what is the second most common grape in the Right Bank?
Cabernet Franc
167
What AOP must be used for white wines on the Right Bank?
Bordeaux AOP
168
What château started the garagiste movement?
Valandraud (St Emilion)
169
Saint Émilion lies between which 2 rivers?
Dordogne and Barbanne
170
Château Figeac sits on what kind of soil?
Gravel
171
What does Saint Émilion Grand Cru indicate on a wine label?
An appellation
172
What does Saint Émilion Grand Crus Classé indicate on a wine label?
A classified producer within Saint Émilion Grand Cru
173
Name the 4 château that withdrew themselves from the Saint Émilion classification.
Cheval Blanc
Angelus
Ausone
La Gaffelière
174
What is the crasse de fer?
Iron rich sand
175
What is the buttonière?
The buttonhole
## Footnote
An area of deep blue clay at Pomerol’s highest and easternmost point
176
What is the soil type surrounding Petrus?
Blue clay
177
What is the blend of Petrus?
80 – 95% Merlot
5 – 20% Cabernet Franc
## Footnote
Now, 100% Merlot
178
When did the blend of Petrus change?
2011
179
What is Fronsadais Molasse? Where is it found?
A mixture of limestone and clay
Fronsac AOP
Canon Fronsac AOP
180
What tributary of the Dordogne River separates Fronsac from Lalande de Pomerol?
Isle River
181
What body of water separates Fronsac from Entre Deux Mers?
Dordogne River
182
What is the dominant grape variety for the satellite appellations of Saint Émilion?
Merlot
183
Which satellite of Saint Émilion is the largest?
Montagne AOP
184
Which satellite of Saint Émilion is the smallest?
Saint Georges AOP
185
What is the northernmost satellite of Saint Émilion?
Lussac
186
What Saint Émilion satellite has the highest elevation?
Puisseguin
187
What is the largest producer in the satellites of Saint Émilion?
Producteurs Réunis
188
What is the satellite of Pomerol AOP?
Lalande de Pomerol AOP
189
Name 2 communes of Lalande de Pomerol AOP.
Lalande de Pomerol
Néac
190
What are the 3 superior sweet wine appellations within the Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP?
Cadillac
Loupiac
Sainte Croix du Mont
191
What is the second label of Château Cos d’Estournel?
Les Pagodes de Cos
192
What is the second label of Château Montrose?
La Dame de Montrose
193
What is the second label of Château Calon Ségur?
Le Marquis de Calon Ségur
194
What is the second label of Château Lafite Rothschild?
Carruades de Lafite
195
What is the second label of Château Latour?
Les Fortes de Latour
196
What is the second label of Château Mouton Rothschild?
Le Petit Mouton de Mouton Rothschild
197
What is the second label of Château Longueville Baron de Pichon Longueville?
Les Griffons de Pichon Baron
198
What is the second label of Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande?
Pichon Comtesse Réserve
199
What is the second label of Château Duhart Milon?
Moulin de Duhart
200
What is the second label of Château Clerc Milon?
Pastourelle de Clerc Milon
201
What is the second label of Château Lynch Bages?
Echo de Lynch Bages
202
What is the second label of Château Pontet Canet?
Les Hauts de Pontet Canet
203
What is the second label of Château Ducru Beaucailloux?
La Croix Ducru Beaucailloux
204
What is the second label of Château Talbot?
Connétable Talbot
205
What is the second label of Château Margaux?
Pavillon Rouge
206
What is the second label of Château Palmer?
Alter Ego
207
Classification of Sauternes: Premier Cru Supérieur
D’Yquem
208
Classification of Sauternes: Premier Crus from Bommes
La Tour Blanche
Lafaurie- Peyraguey
Clos Haut Peyraguey
De Rayne Vigneau
Raubaud Promis
Sigalas Rabaud
209
Classification of Sauternes: Premier Crus from Preignac
Suduiraut
210
Classification of Sauternes: Premiers Crus from Barsac
Coutet
Climens
211
What is the Premier Cru from Sauternes?
Guiraud
212
What is the classification and location of Lafite Rothschild?
First, Pauillac
213
What is the classification and location of Latour?
First, Pauillac
214
What is the classification and location of Margaux?
First, Margaux
215
What is the classification and location of Haut Brion?
First, Graves
216
What is the classification and location of Mouton Rothschild?
First, Pauillac
217
What is the classification and location of Cos d’ Estournel?
Second, St Estéphe
218
What is the classification and location of Montrose?
Second, St Estéphe
219
What is the classification and location of Pichon Longueville Baron?
Second, Pauillac
220
What is the classification and location of Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande?
Second, Pauillac
221
What is the classification and location of Léoville Las Cases?
Second, St Julien
222
What is the classification and location of Léoville Poyferré?
Second, St Julien
223
What is the classification and location of Léoville Barton?
Second, St Julien
224
What is the classification and location of Gruaud Larose?
Second, St Julien
225
What is the classification and location of Ducru- Beaucaillou?
Second, St Julien
226
What is the classification and location of Rauzan Ségla?
Second, Margaux
227
What is the classification and location of Rauzan Gassies?
Second, Margaux
228
What is the classification and location of Durfort Vivens?
Second, Margaux
229
What is the classification and location of Lascombes?
Second, Margaux
230
What is the classification and location of Brane Cantenac?
Second, Margaux
231
What is the classification and location of Calon Ségur?
Third, St Estéphe
232
What is the classification and location of Lagrange?
Third, St Julien
233
What is the classification and location of Langoa Barton?
Third, St Julien
234
What is the classification and location of Maleconsort Saint Exupéry?
Third, Margaux
235
What is the classification and location of Desmirail?
Third, Margaux
236
What is the classification and location of Ferrière?
Third, Margaux
237
What is the classification and location of Marquis d’Alesme Becker?
Third, Margaux
238
What is the classification and location of Kirwan?
Third, Margaux
239
What is the classification and location of d’Issan?
Third, Margaux
240
What is the classification and location of Boyd Cantenac?
Third, Margaux
241
What is the classification and location of Cantenac Brown?
Third, Margaux
242
What is the classification and location of Palmer?
Third, Margaux
243
What is the classification and location of Giscours?
Third, Margaux
244
What is the classification and location of La Lagune?
Third, Margaux
245
What is the classification and location of Lafon Rochet?
Fourth, St Estèphe
246
What is the classification and location of Duhart Milon Rothschild?
Fourth, Pauillac
247
What is the classification and location of Saint Pierre?
Fourth, St Julien
248
What is the classification and location of Talbot?
Fourth, St Julien
249
What is the classification and location of Branaire Ducru?
Fourth, St Julien
250
What is the classification and location of Beychevelle?
Fourth, St Julien
251
What is the classification and location of Marquis de Terme?
Fourth, Margaux
252
What is the classification and location of Pouget?
Fourth, Margaux
253
What is the classification and location of Prieuré Lichine?
Fourth, Margaux
254
What is the classification and location of La Tour Carnet?
Fourth, Haut Médoc
255
What is the classification and location of Cos Labory?
Fifth, St Estéphe
256
What is the classification and location of Pontet Canet?
Fifth, Pauillac
257
What is the classification and location of Batailley?
Fifth, Pauillac
258
What is the classification and location of Haut Batailley?
Fifth, Pauillac
259
What is the classification and location of Haut Bages Libéral?
Fifth, Pauillac
260
What is the classification and location of Grand Puy Lacoste?
Fifth, Pauillac
261
What is the classification and location of Grand Puy Ducasse?
Fifth, Pauillac
262
What is the classification and location of Lynch Bages?
Fifth, Pauillac
263
What is the classification and location of Lynch Moussas?
Fifth, Pauillac
264
What is the classification and location of d’Armailhac?
Fifth, Pauillac
265
What is the classification and location of Pédesclaux?
Fifth, Pauillac
266
What is the classification and location of Clerc Milon?
Fifth, Pauillac
267
What is the classification and location of Croizet Bages?
Fifth, Pauillac
268
What is the classification and location of Dauzac?
Fifth, Margaux
269
What is the classification and location of du Tertre?
Fifth, Margaux
270
What is the classification and location of Belgrave?
Fifth, Haut Médoc
271
What is the classification and location of Camensac?
Fifth, Haut Médoc
272
What is the classification and location of Cantemerle?
Fifth, Haut Médoc
CMS Advanced
flashcards
Decks in class (20)
# Cards
