BRAIN

Question 1

What are the components of the telencephalon?

Answer 1

Cerebrum (Cerebral cortex) > divided into L&R hemispheres
Hippocampus
Basal Ganglia
Amygdala

Question 2

What structure connects the bottom of the two cerebral hemispheres and is used to relay information from one side of the brain to the other?

Answer 2

Corpus Callosum

Question 3

What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 3

Medial Longitudinal Fissure

Question 4

What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

Answer 4

Sylvian Fissure (Lateral)

Question 5

Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes laterally?

Answer 5

Central Sulcus (Sulcus of Rolando)

Question 6

Which sulcus separates the parietal and occipital medially?

Answer 6

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

Question 7

What fissure separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves

Answer 7

Calcarine fissure

Question 8

Function of the Frontal Lobe

Answer 8

• Voluntary Movements (primary motor cortex/precentral gyrus), intellect and orientation
• Broca’s Area (typically L hemisphere): speech, concentration
• Personality, temper, judgement, reasoning, behavior, self-awareness, executive functions

Question 9

Impairments to the frontal lobe

Answer 9

• Contralateral weakness
• preservation, inattention
• personality changes and antisocial behavior
• impaired concentration
• Broca’s Aphasia (expressive deficits)
• Delayed or poor initiation

Question 10

Functions of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 10

• Associated sensations of touch, kinesthesia, perception of vibration, and temperature
• Receives information from other areas of the brain regarding hearing, vision, motor, sensory and memory
• Provides meaning for objects
• Interprets language and words
• Spatial and visual perception

Question 11

Impairments to the parietal lobe

Answer 11

Dominant hemisphere (typically located in the L hemisphere: agraphia, alexia, agnosia
- Non-dominant hemisphere: (typically located on the R side: dressing apraxia, constructional apraxia, anosognosia
- Contralateral Sensory deficits
- Impaired language comprehension
impaired taste

Question 12

Functions of the temporal lobe

Answer 12

primary auditory processing and olfaction

• Wernicke’s Area: (typically located on the L hemisphere): ability to understand and produce meaningful speech, verbal and general memory, assists with understanding language
• the rear portion of the temporal lobe allows humans to interpret others emotions and reactions

Question 13

impairments to the temporal lobe

Answer 13

• learning deficits
  Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive deficits)
• antisocial, aggressive behaviors
• difficulty with facial recognition
  difficulty with memory/memory loss
• inability to categorize objects

Question 14

Functions of the occipital lobe

Answer 14

• main processing center for visual information
• processes visual information regarding colors, light and shapes
• judgements of distance, seeing in 3D

Question 15

Impairments to the occipital lobe

Answer 15

• homonymous hemianopsia
• impaired extraocular muscle movement and visual deficits
• impaired color recognition
• reading and writing impairments
• cortical blindness with bilateral lobe involvement

Question 16

What is the function of the Hippocampus

Answer 16

• responsible for the process of [forming and storing new memories of one’s personal history and other declarative memory]
• language learning
• known as the memory indexer, sends memories to appropriate areas of the cerebral hemisphere for long term storage and memory retrieval.

Question 17

What is the function of the Basal Ganglia

Answer 17

Includes the: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Substantia Nigra, and subthalamic nucleus

Responsible for:
- voluntary movements
- autonomic movement regulation
- posture
- muscle tone and control of motor responses

Common dysfunctions to the basal ganglia:
- Parkinson Disease
- Huntington
- Tourette’s Syndrome
- ADD
- OCD

Question 18

What is the function of the Amygdala?

Answer 18

Located within the temporal lobes of the brain.

Function: Emotional and Social Processing

Involved in fear and pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory and the formation of [EMOTIONAL] memories.

Question 19

The putamen and globus pallidus together make up which nucleus in the basal ganglia?

subthalamic nucleus
red nucleus
lentiform nucleus
substantia nigra

Answer 19

Correct Answer: lentiform nucleus

The lentiform nucleus is a cone shaped structure of gray matter lateral to the internal capsule. The structure consists of the putamen and globus pallidus.