Brain

Question 1

Meninges

Answer 1

3 different Protective layers - Pia Mater, Arachnoid mater and Dura mater.

It helps to protect the brain by acting as a shock absorber and anchor.

Question 2

Ventricles

Answer 2

Ventricles= Canals
Total Ventricles- 4
- Our brain floats in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
- ventricles are filled with CSF which helps in
- keeping the brain cushioned and buoyant.

Question 3

Parts of the Brain

Answer 3

Cerebrum- Left and Right hemisphere
Cerebellum
Brain stem- Medulla, Pons and Medbrain
Dienephalon- Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Question 4

Cerebrum

Answer 4

Largest part of the brain
Located in the upper portion of the brain
Processes thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving and language.

Question 5

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 5

Superficial (outer) layer of the cerebrum

Question 6

Folds

Answer 6

Gyri

Question 7

Shallow grooves

Answer 7

Sulci

Question 8

Deepest grooves

Answer 8

Fissures

Question 9

Most prominent Fissure

Answer 9

It’s the cerebral hemisphere. The cerebrum is seperated into right and left halves These halves are called “cerebral hemispheres”

Question 10

Corpus Callosum

Answer 10

The nerve fiber bridge through which cerebral hemispheres are connected by

Question 11

Function of Cerebrum

Answer 11

1. Motor functions: voluntary movements
2. Sensory functions: perception of pain, temperature, touch, hearing, taste and smell
3. Control of intelligence, speech, memory and learning

Question 12

Right hemisphere controls which side of the body?

Answer 12

It controls the left side of the body

Question 13

Left hemisphere controls which side of the body?

Answer 13

Right side of the body

Question 14

Name the 4 lobes of the brain

Answer 14

1. Frontal
   2.Occipital
   3.Temporal
   4.Parietal Lobe

Question 15

Frontal Lobe

Answer 15

• Most anterior portion(front of the brain) of the cerebrum
• It’s also called the motor cortex
• Central sulcus(groove/gyri) sperate frontal and parietal lobe

Question 16

Function of Frontal Lobe

Answer 16

1. Controls motor function, speech and personality
2. Centre of reasoning, planning, some parts of speech, movement, emotions and problem solving

Question 17

Parietal Lobe

Answer 17

• Most superior(top part of the brain) portion of the brain
• Also called the “sensory cortex” (processes sensations from the body)

Question 18

Functions of Parietal Lobe

Answer 18

1. Recieves and interprets nerve impulses and interprets language
2. Recieves sensory inputs from sensory receptor and skin (touch, pressure, temp, and pain)

Question 19

Occipital Lobe

Answer 19

• The most posterior(back) portion of the cerebrum
• Located at the back of the brain
• Also called the “visual cortex”
• Controls vision

Question 20

Temporal Lobe

Answer 20

• The right and left lateral sides of the cerebrum
• Located on the side of your brain
• Controls hearing and smell
• Also called “auitory cortex”

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

• The second largest portion of the brain
• Located behind the occipital lobe or the posterior portion of the cerebrum
• The “tranverse fissure” seperates cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 22

Functions of Cerebellum

Answer 22

1. Coordinates contractions of skeletal muscles
2. Regulates posture balance
3. • May play a role in cognition/learning from languages and language processing

*means research is still ongoing on this matter

Question 23

Brain Stem

Answer 23

• Near the back of your brain (thick straw looking figure)
• Connects your brain and spinal cord
• Relays message to the rest of your body
• Broken down into 3 parts:
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata

Question 24

Midbrain

Answer 24

• Top portion of the brain
• It acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain and spinal
• Serves important function in motor movement, especially movementsof the eye and in auditory and visual processing
• 2 of the cranial nerves thread of the midbrain Oculomotor and trochlear nerve
• Dopamine is produced here

Question 25

Pons

Answer 25

- Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain - It is also the middle portion of the brain stem - Controls involuntary movements like sleep-wake cycle, breathing and bladder control.

Question 26

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 26

- Lowest portion of the midbrain and is a continuation of the spinal cord - It's where your brain and spinal cord connect - Very important strcuture as many "reuglatory centers" are located here: Cardiovascular centre (heart rate) Basic rhytm of breathing Vasometer centreblood (pressure)

Question 27

Diencephalon

Answer 27

- Posterior portion of the forebrain -Connects the midbrain with the cerebral hemispheres - Encloses the 3rd ventrical - Has 3 parts: 1.Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Epithalamus (Pineal Gland)

Question 28

Thalamus

Answer 28

- Sits on top of the brain stem (deep inside the brain) - 80% of the deincephalon - Referred to as the "gateway" - Almost all sensory imput passes through the thalamus to reach the higher levels of the brain - Relay station for all incoming sensory nerves from the periphery and spinal cords. - Impulses of pain, temp, touch are conveyed at the thalamus first and then the cerebrum.

Question 29

Functions of Hypothalamus

Answer 29

1. Controls the autonomic nervous system 2. Centre for emotional repoonse and behavior 3. Regulates body temperature 4. Controls water balance and thirst 5. Regulates food intake 6. Controls the endocrine system

Question 30

Hypothalamus

Answer 30

- Sits underneath the thaalmus and is quite small - Small but mighty; it controls many critical bpdy functions

Question 31

Cranial Nerves

Answer 31

- These are nerves that sit at the back of your brain - There's 12 paired nerves -These can be: sensory(carries impulses to the brain), motor(carries impulses away from the brain) or mixed