What systems are working together to
allow this athlete to move forward?
- Respiratory System
- Circulatory System
- Nervous System – brain that controls and monitors all functions
- Endocrine System – Controls the release of hormones like endorphins and ADH
Hierarchy of subsystems of Multicellular organisms
Cell (smallest)
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism (largest)
Cells
+ Made of organelles
+ The basic unit of life
+ Makes up all living things
Tissues
+ Made of cells which are made of organelles.
+ One cell by itself cannot carry out a function on a large enough scale to meet the demands of an organism.
+ Tissues contain two or more specialized cell types .
+ Ex. Alveolar type 1 Make up 95% of the respiratory surface allowing gases to diffuse. Alveolar type 2 cells make up 5% and they secrete surfactant.
Tissue (cont.)
+ Tissue cells adhere to each other.
+ Plant cells do this with a middle lamella between the cell walls that is rich in gluey pectin.
+ Animal cells use transmembrane proteins that form strong links.
+ Tissue cells communicate with each other and with cells elsewhere in the organism
Organs
+ A group of tissues that work together.
+ Ex the kidney and lungs are excretory organs as well as the leaf in a plant
Organ System
+ A group of organs that perform functions to sustain life
Organism
+ An organism made up of interconnected organ systems
+ The parts are interconnected so failure of a single group of cells can have devastating consequences on life.
