Define radiation.
Energy emitted in the form of waves or particles.
What is ionizing radiation?
Radiation that carries enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules.
True or false: X-rays are a type of non-ionizing radiation.
FALSE
X-rays are classified as ionizing radiation due to their high energy.
Fill in the blank: Alpha particles consist of _______ protons and _______ neutrons.
2, 2
What is the half-life of a radioactive substance?
The time required for half of the radioactive atoms to decay.
Define radiation dose.
The amount of radiation absorbed by an object or person.
What does rem stand for?
Roentgen equivalent man, a unit of radiation dose.
True or false: Beta particles are heavier than alpha particles.
FALSE
Beta particles are electrons and much lighter than alpha particles.
Fill in the blank: Gamma rays are a form of _______ radiation.
electromagnetic
What is radiation therapy?
A medical treatment using high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells.
Define dosimeter.
A device used to measure an individual’s exposure to radiation.
What is the Chernobyl disaster?
A catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred in 1986 in Ukraine.
True or false: Neutrons have a positive charge.
FALSE
Neutrons are neutral particles found in atomic nuclei.
Fill in the blank: Radon is a naturally occurring _______ gas.
radioactive
What is radiological contamination?
The presence of radioactive substances in unwanted locations.
Define nuclear fission.
The splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller parts, releasing energy.
What is a Geiger counter?
An instrument used to detect and measure ionizing radiation.
True or false: Radiation can only be harmful in large doses.
FALSE
Even small doses can be harmful over time, depending on exposure.
Fill in the blank: Cosmic radiation originates from _______ space.
outer
What is radiation shielding?
Materials used to protect against harmful effects of radiation.
Define radiobiology.
The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms.
What is the linear no-threshold model?
A model suggesting any amount of radiation exposure carries risk.
True or false: Lead is an effective radiation shield.
TRUE
Lead is commonly used to shield against X-rays and gamma rays.
Fill in the blank: Thermal neutrons are _______ in energy compared to fast neutrons.
lower
