Define radiation.
Energy emitted as particles or waves, including electromagnetic radiation.
True or false: Ionizing radiation can remove tightly bound electrons from atoms.
TRUE
Ionizing radiation includes X-rays and gamma rays.
Fill in the blank: Non-ionizing radiation includes _______ and microwaves.
radio waves
What is the photoelectric effect?
The emission of electrons from a material when exposed to light.
Define radiation dose.
The amount of energy absorbed by an object or person from radiation.
What unit measures radiation dose?
The gray (Gy) measures the absorbed dose of radiation.
True or false: Alpha particles can penetrate the skin.
FALSE
Alpha particles are stopped by the outer layer of skin.
Fill in the blank: Beta particles are _______ charged particles.
negatively
What is a gamma ray?
A high-energy electromagnetic wave emitted during radioactive decay.
Define half-life.
The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
What is radiation shielding?
Materials used to protect against harmful effects of radiation.
True or false: Lead is an effective material for radiation shielding.
TRUE
Lead is commonly used due to its high density.
Fill in the blank: Radiation therapy is used to treat _______.
cancer
What is the purpose of a dosimeter?
To measure an individual’s exposure to ionizing radiation.
Define radiobiology.
The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms.
What is stochastic effect?
A random effect of radiation exposure, such as cancer.
True or false: Deterministic effects have a threshold dose.
TRUE
Examples include skin burns and radiation sickness.
Fill in the blank: Radiation protection aims to minimize _______ exposure.
unnecessary
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable, a principle for radiation safety.
Define radiation exposure.
The amount of ionizing radiation that reaches a person.
What is the linear no-threshold model?
A model suggesting that any radiation exposure carries some risk.
True or false: X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation.
TRUE
X-rays can cause ionization in tissues.
Fill in the blank: Cosmic radiation originates from _______.
outer space
What is a radiation incident?
An event involving unintended exposure to radiation.
