Which of these is an output of light dependent reaction of photosynthesis?
ATP
NADH
Glucose
Water
ATP
Which molecule is an input to the Calvin-Benson cycle?
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Sugar
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Which stage of cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide as a product?
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Calvin Cycle
Krebs cycle
Which stage of cellular respiration releases the most energy and, therefore, produces the most ATP molecules?
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Electron Transport Chain
In the human body, muscle fibers metabolize sugars to produce energy. Fast-twitch muscles fibers, like those used during short-term, vigorous exercise, carry out an anaerobic process that produces less energy per sugar molecule processed. Which metabolic process do fast twitch muscle fibers carry out?
Fermentation
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Oxidation
Fermentation
Fermentation uses sugar in the absence of which molecule?
ADP
CO2
O2
H2O
O2
How is DNA structured during the metaphase stage of mitosis?
-The chromatid at the center keeps the DNA apart at separate ends of the dividing cell.
- The chromatids consisting of DNA are moving apart
- The centromere at the center keeps DNA lined up at the cell’s equator
- The centromeres keep the DNA in separate nuclei
The centromere at the center keeps DNA lined up at the cell’s equator
What is true regarding the transition from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis?
-DNA is condensed and then organized into chromosomes.
- Chromatids are separated and isolated into separate daughter nuclei.
- Sister chromatids are aligned along the center of the cell and then pulled apart into separate chromatids
- Chromosomes are condensed and set along the midline of the cell.
Sister chromatids are aligned along the center of the cell and then pulled apart into separate chromatids
Sister chromatids are being separated and moving towards opposite poles of the cell.
Which stage of mitosis is this?
-Telophase
-Anaphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
Anaphase
A fly is heterozygous for wing length, carrying one allele for the dominant long-winged appearance and one allele for the recessive short-winged appearance. Which percentage of the fly’s gametes will carry the short winged allele?
25%
50%
75%
100%
50%
Black (B) is the dominant color, and red (b) is the recessive color in a species of beetle. Two beetles that are both Bb are crossed. What percentage of the offspring will be red?
25%
50%
75%
100%
25%
A species of fish can either have dominant red fins (R) or recessive white fins (r). Fin lengths can either be dominant long (L) or recessive short (l). A dihybrid cross is performed on two of these fish. Each fish heterozygous for the traits of fin color and fin length.
Which four gamete genotypes can be produced by a parent fish?
R
Rl
rl
Rr L
RL
RL
R
RrLl
Rl, rl, RL, rL
Two species of woodpecker inhabit the same oblong pine woodland throughout the southeastern US. Each species requires recently deceased (but still standing) pine trees for reproduction. The woodpeckers excavate their nest cavities in the dead pine trees. In most healthy forests there are generally not enough dead pine trees to provide nests for all the woodpeckers that want to build them. What is the relationship between these two species of woodpecker and example of?
Commensalism
Predation
Symbiosis
Competition
Competition
While abroad, a traveler drinks unclean water containing tapeworm cuts. The tapeworm attaches to the intestinal walls of the traveler, absorbing nutrients from the partially digested food. Over the next few months, the traveler experiences ongoing nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss due to the presence of the tapeworm in his intestines. What is the interaction between the tapeworm and the traveler and example of?
- Competition
- Parasitism
- COmmensalism
- Mutualism
Parasitism
In the harsh arctic tundra, the survival of one species is often dependent on the actions of another. For example, the arctic bumblebee pollinates the arctic poppy flower and receives energy rich nectar in return. Which interaction is occurring between these species?
Competition
Herbivory
Mutualism
Parasitism
Mutualism
A remora (sucker fish) eating food left over by a shark is an example of which interaction between species?
Competition
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Commensalism
Largemouth bass have recently been introduced into ponds that previously did not contain any large, predatory fish. Which adaptation would help the existing population of small, prey species of fish avoid predation from the largemouth bass?
-Fins with smaller surface areas
-Faster average swim speed
-More noticeable body coloration
- More time actively foraging for food each day.
Faster average swim speed
Western spade food toads breed and deposit their fertilized eggs in small, often short-lived ponds. The tadpoles grow in the ponds for a period of time before undergoing a metamorphosis into an adult frog. One unusual characteristic of spade foot tadpoles is the ability to change body form during development. Normally most tadpo9les are herbivorous and feed on plant material. However, when conditions in the ponds suggest they are beginning to dry up, a small percentage of individuals in the population undergo a dramatic change in body form and habit and begin to eat their competitors. This ability is considered to be advantageous as it both reduces the number of competitors in the pond and speeds up the rate of development of the transformed tadpoles. If global climate change continues (as predicte) to increase the average temperature of habitats around the world, how would populations of spade foot toads likely evolve in response to an increase in pond temperatures?
- Would likely evolve to lay fewer eggs to try and offset the increase in the mortality rate.
- Would likely evolve to increase the period of tadpoles development.
- would likely evolve to have a higher percentage of tadpoles be herbivorous.
- Would likely evolve to have a higher percentage of toads become carnivorous
Would likely evolve to have a higher percentage of toads become carnivorous
Male peacocks compete with one another to mate female peacocks. Males with more colorful tail feathers attract female mates at a higher rate than those without. Therefore, male peacocks have colorful tail feathers, whereas females peacocks do not. What is this an example of?
-Sexual selection
- Artificial Selection
- Gene flow
- Genetic drift
Sexual selection
A gardener maintains a species of rose that produces either yellow flowers (dominant) or white flowers (recessive). One day, the gardener observes that a cross between two yellow rose bushes has led to a single rose bush with orange flowers. What evolutionary mechanism is involved in the change in the gene pool of this species?
- Mutation
- Gene Flow
- Genetic Drift
- Artificial Selection
Mutation
Which item would be classified as biotic?
Light
Wind
Temperature
Fungus
Fungus
Which item is an atom?
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Sucrose
Methane
Nitrogen
A subatomic particle has a negative charge and is found in a shell of the atom? What is this particle?
Neutron
Proton
Electron
Nucleus
Electron
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
0
-1
-2
+1
