FME > C3.1 > Flashcards

C3.1 Flashcards

(66 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (3)

A
  1. Tectonic Factors (Plate boundaries, Hotspots and Seamounts)
  2. Surfaces (Rocks and sediments)
  3. Water Movements (Tides, Waves and Currents)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 Spheres of earth

A

Biosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Cryosphere -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the realm of life

A

biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the terrestrial component of Earth or the ‘solid Earth’

A

geosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • the water part of Earth
A

Hydrosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gaseous layer above earth’s surface

A

atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • layer of the Earth that is ‘permanently frozen’
A

Cryosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

There are two ways to describe the layering of earth:
___ layering - based on composition
____ layering - based on rigidity

A

Chemical;
Physical/ Mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 basic compositions of earth’s chemical layering

A

rocky composition
metallic composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 earth layers based on chemical layering

A

crust
mantle
core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 Layers of physical layering of earth:

A

Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____- rigid outer layer (crust)
_____- solid rock that flows slowly (like a hot __) .
__-middle layer and solid part of the ___
__-liquid iron nickel layer
__- solid iron nickel, very dense

A

Lithosphere
Asthenosphere; asphalt
Mesosphere; lower mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 types of crust

A

oceanic crust;
continental crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a._____ Crust - very dense, made of basalt, thin and young

b.____ Crust - less dense, made of granite

A

Oceanic;
Continental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mantle - composed of (3) elements

A

Mg, Fe and Si

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The mantle:
- layers are ___
- more solid near the surface
- contains___ which is a ‘plastic’ layer

A

heterogenous;
Asthenosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

core:
- composed of __ and __
- very hot and is ___of earths weight
- outer core is___ and inner core is__

A

Nickel and Fe;
1/3;
liquid; solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In (year), scientist have identified an “_____” but it is still an on- going research on what is its chemical and physical composition.

A

2008;
innermost inner core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

___on the layers of the Earth is boundaries between the layers. Such discontinuity is due to ‘change in___!’

A

Discontinuity;
composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Discontinuity of earth (3) -

A

Mohorovicic discontinuity;
Gutenberg discontinuity;
Wiechert discontinuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

boundary observed between crust and mantle

A

Mohorovicic discontinuity;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

boundary between mantle and outer core

A

Gutenberg discontinuity;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

boundary between outer core and inner core

A

Wiechert discontinuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Evidence why Earth is layered is because of ____which behave like light - it____ depending on the medium it travels. It travels through___.

A

seismic waves ;
refracts;
rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
3 Seismic Waves
P waves; S waves; Surface Waves
26
- are fast and the first waves to arrive to an observer
P waves
27
- slower than P-waves and it does NOT flow to liquid areas
S waves
28
- waves seen on above ground
surface waves
29
in asthenosphere, it is an area which is '____ so the velocity of P-waves is also '___.'
less rigid'; slow
30
Evidences for Continental Drift: (6)
.1 Matching coastlines 2. Matching fossils 3. Matching mountain ranges 4. Matching glacier deposits 5. Matching rock types 6. Matching rock ages
31
a simple theory that provides a unifying framework for understanding the way earth works and how earth systems interact to create our environment
Theory of Plate Tectonics
32
tectonic came from the __ word ___, which means contstruction
Greek; tektonikos
33
the continental drift theory was proposed by:
Alfred Wegener
34
Matching Coastlines (3)
South America and Africa fits - Africa and Asia fits - Oceania and Australia fits
35
is any evidence of ancient life
fossil
36
an evidence is considered still a fossil, there is an age limit which is it should be ___
10, 000 years old
37
2 types of fossil
direct; indirect
38
____termed as '___' such as bones; ____termed as '___' such as traces of plants and ___ fossilized 'poop' or feces
Direct fossils; remains Indirect fossils; imprints; coprolite
39
triassic reptile or dinosaur fossil that were found in Brazil and Africa.
cynognathus
40
- remains found in Africa, Antarctica and India
Lystrosaurus
41
- a freshwater swimming reptile were found in Argentina and Africa and nowhere else in the world
Mesosaurus
42
the fossils that support that continents were once connected and drift are the following: 3
a. Dinosaurs b. Fossil fern c. Glacial deposits
43
- this fossil fern were found in all the southern land masses (South America, Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica)
Glossopteris
44
- were found on all southern areas (South America, Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica)
Glacial Deposits
45
found across Europe and North America, if you piece them together there is a continuity (same rock type and same age); this is also found in South America and Africa which both has the same age of rocks
matching mountain ranges
46
Wegener's concept of a single supercontinent that broke apart to form the modern continents is called the ___
theory of continental drift
47
____- first supercontinent followed by Pangaea ___ - one ocean ___ - separated to Laurasia (Northern part of Pangaea) and Gondwanaland (the Southern part)
Rodinia; Panthalassa; Pangaea
48
helps understand processes by which Earth's subsystems interact as wel as features and phenomena produced by these interactions
Theory of plate tectonics
49
- led to realization that continents abd ocean basins (components of the lithosphere), atmosphere and hydrosphere evolved in concert with mantle and core subsystems on Earth's interior.
Theory of plate tectonics
50
can contain the oceanic and continental crusts.
tectonic plates
51
tectonic plates glide slowly over the___ at rates ranging from less than 1 to about __ cm/ year, about as fast as your fingernails grow.
asthenosphere; 16 cm
52
"the _____ are the ones cracked and not the continents"
lithospheric plates or tectonic plates
53
- is a fracture that separates one plate from another
Plate Boundary
54
neighboring plates can move relative to one another at these boundaries in three ways:
At Divergent Boundary; At Convergent Boundary ; At Transfrom Boundary
55
____- two plates move apart from each other ___- two plates move toward each other ___- two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other
Divergent Boundary; Convergent Boundary ; Transfrom Boundary
56
- 3 kinds of Convergent boundaries
a) Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundaries b) Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundaries c) Continental-Continental Convergent Boundaries
57
oceanic crust sinks since it is denser and this area is called ___ which will give rise to a___ (the boundary between the subducting plate and the overlying plate)
subduction zone; trench
58
ince oceanic plate subducts, ti wil melt due to high temperature causing the magma ot rise which wil further cause formation of ___on the continental crust.
volcanic ranges
59
such convergence, forms trench and volcanic island arc such the case on formation of Philippines, Japan, Indonesia and Malaysia.
oceanic &oceanic plate convergence
60
___is a product of convergence of Philippine plate and Mainland Asia plate
Philippine Trench
61
- on South China Sea, the plate there diverge so part subduct on ____
Manila Trench
62
- inactive trench
Trough
63
continental &continental plate convergence, - is also known as a ____; which causes formation of mountains such as ___ Mountains (tallest) and ____ mountains (oldest). - there is no formation of___
collision boundary; Himalayan; Appalachain; volcanoes
64
forms where two plates slide horizontally past one another as they move in opposite directions.
Transform Plate Boundary
65
____is a transform boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate.
California's San Andreas Fault
66
frequent earthquakes; can occur in both oceans and continents
Transform Plate Boundary
FME
flashcards
Decks in class (9)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions