Calcium

Question 1

Calcium normal range

Answer 1

2.2-2.6mmol/L

Question 2

Calcium distribution in body

Answer 2

45% ionised
50% albumin bound
5% glucose/citrate/bicarbonate bound

Question 3

Hormones that control calcium metabolism

Answer 3

1. PTH
2. Calcitriol

Question 4

PTH actions

Answer 4

1. Increased 1 alpha hydroxylation of vitamin D
2. Osteoclast activation
3. Increased renal calcium reabsorption
4. Increased phosphate excretion

Question 5

Calcitriol actions

Answer 5

1. Increased calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the gut
2. Bone remodelling

Question 6

Draw out physiological response to reduced plasma calcium

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 8

Question 9

Secondary hyperparathyroidism causes

Answer 9

Question 10

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 10

Question 11

Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 11

Question 12

Causes of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 12

Question 13

What is Albright hereditary osteodystrophy

Answer 13