Simplest approach in standardization where the signal from a standard with known analyte concentration is used to calculate the sensitivity constant of analyte.
Single- Point Standardization
More accurate approach where standards are selected to bracket the expected analyte concentration range.
Multi-Point Standardization
Generated by plotting signal vs. concentration of analyte.
Calibration Curve
This minimizes the individual standard errors and removes the need to assume sensitivity constant.
Calibration Curve
These are solutions with known concentrations of the analyte, prepared separately from the sample being analyzed.
External Standards
A reference compound that is chemically and physically similar to analyte, added in a constant amount to all samples and standards containing the analyte.
Internal Standard
Intentionally adding a known amount of analyte to the sample for testing accuracy or recovery.
Spike
When known amount of analyte is added to the sample to check the instrument’s response matches what is expected from calibration curve.
Fortification
More reliable alternative to external standardization, especially to aid when matrix effects are significant or the sample matrix is unknown; Standardization directly to the sample itself.
Standard Addition
Standard solution is added to one portion of the sample.
Single Standard Addition
