ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY > Volumetric Methods > Flashcards

Volumetric Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Fundamental technique that involves the controlled addition of a solution with known concentration to a sample until the reaction reaches endpoint.

A

Volumetric (Titrimetric) Analysis

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2
Q

A solution of known concentration used to react with analyte.

A

Titrant

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3
Q

The substance whose concentration is being determined in the titration.

A

Analyte

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4
Q

A substance that changes color to signal the endpoint of the titration.

A

Indicator

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5
Q

The point at which the indicator changes in color, signaling the completion of reaction.

A

Endpoint

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6
Q

The point at which the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent tot he amount of analyte in the solution.

A

Equivalence Point

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7
Q

Titration based in neutralization between an acid and base

A

Acid-base Titration

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8
Q

Involves formation of a stable complex between metal ion and ligand titration

A

Complexometric Titration

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9
Q

Titration based on the formation of an insoluble precipitate.

A

Precipitimetric Titration

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10
Q

Reductioon and oxidation titration.

A

Redox Titration

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11
Q

Typical reagents used in:
* Acid-base
*Complexometric
*Precipitimetric
*Redox

A

*HCl, NaOH, NH3, CH3COOH
*EDTA, metal ions
*AgNO3, KSCN
*KMnO4, Na2s2O3

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12
Q

Indicator used in acid-base

A

Phenolphthalein, Bromcresol green

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13
Q

Indicator used in complexometric titration

A

Ediochrome Black T, Calmagite

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14
Q

Indicators used in Redox

A

Starch

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15
Q

Most commonly used reagent for standardizing acid.

A

Sodium Carbonate

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16
Q

Na2CO3 naturally occurs in large deposit of ______ and ______.

A

Washing soda (Na2CO3 * 10H2O); Trona (Na2CO3NaHCO32H2O)

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17
Q

Nearly ideal primary standard, non-hygroscopic crystalline solid

A

Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP)

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18
Q

Molar mass of KHP

A

204.2 g/mol

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19
Q

An acid-base titration that determine the concentration of a sr=trong o weak acid/base.

A

Simple (direct) Acid-Base Titration

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20
Q

An acid-base titration used for substances that reacts slowly or insoluble.

A

Back titration

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21
Q

An acid-base titration that identify and quantify and quantify carbonate species in water.

A

Double Indicator Acid-Base Titration

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22
Q

An acid-base titration that determines the amount or nitrogen.

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A

Kjeldhal Method

23
Q

Automated or precise acid-base titration using pH or voltage reading.

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A

Potentiometric Titration

24
Q

Standard for determining the amount of nitrogen and protein

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A

Kjeldahl Method

25
This represents the acid-neutralizing capacity of water sample, due to carbonate species and some weak phosphates.
Alkalinity
26
Primary contributors of Double Indicator Titration:
Hydroxide (OH-) Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Carbonate (CO3^2-)
27
Two specific pH endpoints used in Double Indicator Titration corresponding their indicators.
at pH: 8.5 using phenolphthalein 4.5 using bromcresol green
28
Titration based on the formation of stable complexes between metal ions and complexing agent.
Complexometric Titration
29
Most commonly used as complexing agent.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
30
Complexometry is based on _____ - wherein it was produced after metal ion coordinates with two or more donor groups of a single ligant to form 5 to 6-membered heterocyclic ring.
Chelate
31
EDTA Titration used for water hardness determination; analytes: Ca2+ Mg2+ Zn2+
Direct EDTA Titration
32
EDTA Titration wherein excess EDTA is added to the sample; unreacted EDTA titrated. Also used in Al or Sb analysis.
Back EDTA Titration
33
The metal ion displaced by another ion then titrated with EDTA in this titration.
Displacement EDTA Titration
34
The anion is precipitated or reacted to release metal ion which then titrated.
Indirect EDTA Titration
35
EDTA Titration used in determining sulfate by precipitating Ba2+ then titrating/
Indirect EDTA Titration
36
Powerful ligand known for its ability to form stable, 1:1 complexes with a wide range metal ion.
EDTA
37
Organic compounds that contain both amino (-NH2) and carboxylate (-COO-) groups, which act as ligands in titrations. These are the most commonly used titrating agents in complexometric analysis.
Aminocarboxylic Acids
38
An organic compound with two or more binding sites (functional groups) that can simultaneously coordinate to a metal ion.
Chelating Agent
39
A titration method involving a chelating agent to determine metal ion concentration. It is a highly practical and widely used analytical technique.
Chelometric Titration
40
These are organic dyes that form stable complexes with M+. Before titration, the indicator is added to the analyte, forming a colored metal-indicator complex.
Metallochromic Indicators
41
A complexometric titration involves monodentate ligand as cyanide.
Liebig Method
42
Titration od cyanide with AgNO3
Liebig Method
43
The endpoint in Liebig method is indicated by
White precipitate from the reaction of Ag+ and I- after all CN- is used up
44
Quantitative determination of specific ions in a solution.
Precipitation Titration
45
Precipitation titration that involves AgNO3 as titrant is called ______.
Argentometric Titration
46
Argentometric titration is usually used in tha analysis of ______.
Halides and other insoluble silver salts
47
Precipitation of AgX excess Ag+ is back titrated with SCN-. Used in the determination of halide ions in solutions.
Volhard Method
48
Titrant; Indicator used in Volhard Method
KSCN; Fe(NH4)2(SO4)3
49
Pecipitimetric titration which is to precipitate AgCl with AgNO3, to determine chloride content in water or soils.
Mohr Method
50
Indicator used in Mohr Method
Potassium Chromate
51
The goal is to precipitate anionic complexes on the surface on solid precipitate using AgNO3. Used to determine chloride in complex matrices.
Fajans Method
52
Indicator used in Fajans Method
Fluorescent or adsorption indicator
53
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