Cambridge 14

Question 1

trait

Answer 1

বৈশিষ্ট্য, গুণ
Humans are also highly social, a trait that has been connected to healthier aging.

Question 2

steep

Answer 2

খাড়া, তীব্র, হঠাৎ অনেকটা
The lucky ants that do live into old age may suffer a steep decline just before dying.

Question 3

Ostracism(ostracize)

Answer 3

একঘরে করা, সমাজ থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন করা
They have a safe environment in which to live, and they are spared bullying and social ostracism by others of their kind.

Question 4

Colossal

Answer 4

বিশাল, বিরাট
Colossal numbers of species are becoming extinct across the world.

Question 5

eroded remnants

Answer 5

ক্ষয়প্রাপ্ত অবশিষ্টাংশ
These may be ingredients used in cosmetics and toiletries or eroded remnants of larger debris.

Question 6

a construct

Answer 6

In psychology, a construct = an abstract idea, quality, or concept that researchers define and measure.
Eg. some implicit theories of intelligence suggest the need for expansion of some of our explicit theories of the construct.
Here, “The construct” is just a technical way of saying “the concept of intelligence.

Question 7

elucidate

Answer 7

ব্যাখ্যা করা, পরিষ্কারভাবে বোঝানো, স্পষ্ট করা

Understanding implicit theories of intelligence can help elucidate developmental and cross-cultural differences.

Question 8

presupposition

Answer 8

পূর্বধারণা, আগে থেকে ধরে নেওয়া ধারণা, অনুমান
JImplicit theories of intelligence and of the relationship of intelligence to society(বুদ্ধিমত্তার সঙ্গে সমাজের সম্পর্ক নিয়ে ধারণা।) perhaps need to be considered more carefully than they have been because they often serve as underlying presuppositions for explicit theories

Question 9

Presupposition vs Assumption

Answer 9

An assumption is an idea accepted as true without proof, while a presupposition is an underlying belief taken for granted as a prerequisite for a statement

Question 10

looming

Answer 10

আসন্ন, ঘনিয়ে আসা, সামনে উপস্থিত হওয়া (সাধারণত কোনো বিপদ বা অশুভ বিষয়)

Looming health crises, such as antibiotic resistance, has put bioprospecting – the search for useful compounds in nature – firmly back on the map.

Question 11

terrestrial

Answer 11

স্থলজ, ভূমিভিত্তিক, পৃথিবীর সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত

Insects are the undisputed masters of the terrestrial domain.

Question 12

bewildering

Answer 12

জটিল

They have a bewildering array of interactions with other organisms.

Question 13

daunting

Answer 13

চ্যালেঞ্জিং, কঠিন, হতাশাজনক

There are so many insects that, without some manner of targeted approach, investigating this huge variety of species is a daunting task

Question 14

bewildering vs daunting

Answer 14

Daunting → fear + challenge

Bewildering → confusion + puzzlement

Question 15

ubiquity

Answer 15

সর্বব্যাপী উপস্থিতি, সর্বত্র বিস্তার, সর্বব্যাপিতা

Although we consider insects to be everywhere, the reality of this ubiquity is vast numbers of a few extremely common species.

Question 16

rear

Answer 16

পালন করা / বড় করা / লালন-পালন করা
or the back part of something(camera)
Many insect species are infrequently encountered and very difficult to rear in captivity(বন্দী অবস্থায় পালন করা খুবই কঠিন )

Question 17

filthy

Answer 17

অত্যন্ত অস্বচ্ছন্দ বা নোংরা, ময়লা, নোংরা বা অশুদ্ধ

There are even more insects that are masters of exploiting filthy habitats, such as faeces and carcasses(পায়খানা ও মৃতদেহ)

Question 18

recesses

Answer 18

অন্তঃস্থল, গভীর কোণ, লুকানো স্থান

If we can shine a light on the darker recesses of nature’s medicine cabinet, I believe we can make people think differently about the value of nature.

Question 19

Implicit vs Explicit

Answer 19

Implicit = hidden/implied. Eg. Her smile was an implicit sign that she agreed. (She didn’t say it, but it was understood.)

Explicit = clear/direct. Eg. The rules were explicit: no phones during class.

Question 20

expound

Answer 20

বিস্তারিতভাবে ব্যাখ্যা করা, বিশদভাবে উপস্থাপন করা, পরিচ্ছন্নভাবে ব্যাখ্যা করা

Experts continue to expound a powerful argument for the importance of play in children’s lives.

Question 21

dichotomy

Answer 21

দ্বৈত বিভাজন, বিপরীত ভাগ, দুইটি বিপরীত অংশে বিভক্তি

Our society has created a false dichotomy between play and learning.

Question 22

elude

Answer 22

বাঁচিয়ে চলা, এড়ানো, উপলব্ধি বা ধারণা থেকে বেরিয়ে যাওয়া

Full consensus(a general agreement) on a formal definition of play continues to elude the researchers and theorists who study it.

Question 23

continuum

Answer 23

ক্রমবর্ধমান ধারাবাহিকতা, অবিচ্ছিন্ন ধারা, ধারাবাহিক পরিসর

Often, play is defined along a continuum(প্রায়শই, খেলাকে একটি ধারাবাহিকতার মধ্যে সংজ্ঞায়িত করা হয়) as more or less playful using the following set of behavioral and dispositional criteria

Question 24

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic

Answer 24

Intrinsic → in → inside: অন্তর্নিহিত, স্বভাবগত

Extrinsic → ex → external → outside: বাহ্যিক

Question 25

facet

Answer 25

পক্ষ, দিক, দৃষ্টিকোণ, বৈশিষ্ট্য/one side of something many-sided, especially of a cut gem. Parents or other adults can support children’s play by joining in the fun as a co-player or encouraging further exploration or new facets to the child’s activity.