What are the 3 canidida polymorphisms?
- yeasty boi
- pseuodohyphae
- hyphae
when is candida a yeast?
at acidic pH
when is yeast a hyphae
- 37C
- alkaline pH
- in serum
Can all polymorphisms of canidia exist at one time in one spot?
heck yeah
EFG1 stands for what?
Essential for Filamentous Growth 1
Why is EFG1 a virluence factor?
hyphae help virulence and need EFG1 to go from yeast to hyphae
what does Hwp1 stand for?
Hyphal outer Wall Protein 1
What do Hwp1 do?
it’s an adhesion factor to buccal epithetial cells
How did they find Hwp1?
- they created antibodies that recognize hyphae but not yeast proteins
- created phage plaues that express a single candida protein
- see which plaques light up
How does Hwp1 work?
it acts as a substrate for the host’s transglutaminase (TGase) to covalently bind the candida’s Lys to host Gln
candida biofilm
- cells + matrix
- yeast + pseudohyphae + hyphae
- love catheters
EAP1 stands for?
Enhanced Adherence to Polystyrene 1
How did they find EAP1?
- put candida in polystyrene dish
- sample which ones don’t stick
- see which gene is mutated
ALS proteins stands for what?
Agglutinin Like Sequence protein
What do ALS proteins do?
- Adhesion family
- biofilm formation
How did they find the ALS proteins?
- created library of candida cDNA (RTed DNA from mRNAs)
- added individual cDNA to Saccharomyces cells
- see which Sacc cells now stick
Why is it important that ALS proteins are a family?
redundancy
How do EFG1, ALS, HWP1, and EAP1 relate?
EFG1 is a regulatory transcription factor that stimulates the expression of adhesions ALS, HWP1, and EAP1
How do hwp1- and als1/3- relate?
- When you add them together the one has what the other lacks and a biofilm can still be formed
- hwp1-‘s ALS1/3 binds to als1/3-‘s HWP1
What does SAPs stand for?
Secreted Aspartyl Proteases
What do SAPs do?
- penetrate and invade host tissue
- eliminate host defense molecules (cleave C3b to iC3b via Factor H)
*
How did they find SAPs?
- found in fluid from infection sites
What PRRs recognize candida?
- Dectin-1 (beta glucan)
- TLR2 (phosphomannan)
- TLR4 (mannan)
- MR (mannose)
What type of candidiasis do HIV+ get and why?
- thrush - need CD+ Th cells for mucosal defense
- Th17 produce AMPs which kill candidia
